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During the [[Battle of Stone's River]], December 31, 1862, to January 2, 1863, the battery was assigned to Brigadier General Joseph Wheeler's Cavalry Brigade.<ref>United States. War Dept.. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 20, In Two Parts. Part 1, Reports., Book, 1887; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154629/m1/671/?q=Columbus Kentucky Arkansas Battery : accessed February 13, 2013), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries, Denton, Texas.</ref> During the skirmisihing leading up to the battle, the battery fought as independant sections under Lieutenants J.P. Bryant, and J.W. Calloway. Lieutenant Bryan lead one gun of one section whicy accompanied Major General [[John C. Breckinridge]]'s attack on the Union left flank on January 2, 1863. <ref>United States. War Dept.. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 20, In Two Parts. Part 1, Reports., Book, 1887, Page 965; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154629/m1/976/?q=Wiggins Arkansas Battery : accessed August 16, 2013), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department, Denton, Texas. </ref>
During the [[Battle of Stone's River]], December 31, 1862, to January 2, 1863, the battery was assigned to Brigadier General Joseph Wheeler's Cavalry Brigade.<ref>United States. War Dept.. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 20, In Two Parts. Part 1, Reports., Book, 1887; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154629/m1/671/?q=Columbus Kentucky Arkansas Battery : accessed February 13, 2013), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries, Denton, Texas.</ref> During the skirmisihing leading up to the battle, the battery fought as independant sections under Lieutenants J.P. Bryant, and J.W. Calloway. Lieutenant Bryan lead one gun of one section whicy accompanied Major General [[John C. Breckinridge]]'s attack on the Union left flank on January 2, 1863. <ref>United States. War Dept.. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 20, In Two Parts. Part 1, Reports., Book, 1887, Page 965; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154629/m1/976/?q=Wiggins Arkansas Battery : accessed August 16, 2013), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department, Denton, Texas. </ref>

In April 17, 1863, Brigadier General William T. Martin ordered the battery to exchange two of it's old guns for new howitzers. Martin was concerned that the two guns being turned in could not be moved due to their poor condition. <ref>United States. War Dept.. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 23, In Two Parts. Part 1, Reports., Book, 1889; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154602/m1/273/?q=Wiggins : accessed August 17, 2013), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department, Denton, Texas. </ref> Captain Wiggins compiled service records contain corrispondance relating to Brigadier General Martin's orders to turn in two of his guns. Wiggins reports that he had two rifled guns that had become very inaccurate due to the rifeling becoming warn. He indicated that the howitizers in his battery were U.S. manufactured. Wiggins idicated that he had mounted his rifled guns on 12lbs Howitzer carrages because these carriages required fewer horses to draw. Captain Wiggins indicated that he had been directed to obtain horses for a six gun battery and that he was in need of a forge.



During a minor action near [[Shelbyville, Tennessee]], on June 27, 1863, a section of the battery commanded by Captain Jannedens H. Wiggins was cut off from the main force, and left vulnerable to attacking Union forces. The battery was overtaken, resulting in the capture of their artillery and thirty soldiers. Twenty nine of those would remain [[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]] until well into the summer of 1865, after the war's end, before being released in a general parole. However, Captain Wiggins was sent to an officers' prison, and was released during a prisoner exchange in the early summer of 1865, before the war ended. Thus, he was able to return to duty for the unit's last action.<ref name="couchgenweb1"/>
During a minor action near [[Shelbyville, Tennessee]], on June 27, 1863, a section of the battery commanded by Captain Jannedens H. Wiggins was cut off from the main force, and left vulnerable to attacking Union forces. The battery was overtaken, resulting in the capture of their artillery and thirty soldiers. Twenty nine of those would remain [[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]] until well into the summer of 1865, after the war's end, before being released in a general parole. However, Captain Wiggins was sent to an officers' prison, and was released during a prisoner exchange in the early summer of 1865, before the war ended. Thus, he was able to return to duty for the unit's last action.<ref name="couchgenweb1"/>

Revision as of 13:40, 17 August 2013

2nd Arkansas Light Artillery
Arkansas state flag
ActiveMay 1861–April 19, 1865
DisbandedApril 19, 1865
CountryConfederate States of America
AllegianceDixie CSA
BranchVolunteer Army, American Civil War
TypeArtillery
Sizebattery
Nickname(s)Clark County Artillery
EngagementsAmerican Civil War

Battle of Shiloh

Siege of Corinth,

Battle of Murfreesboro,

Chickamauga Campaign

Battle of Chickamauga

Chattanooga Campaign

Battle of Missionary Ridge
Battle of Ringgold Gap

Atlanta Campaign,

Battle of Rocky Face Ridge,
Battle of Resaca,
Battle of New Hope Church,
Battle of Kennesaw Mountain,
Battle of Peachtree Creek,
Siege of Atlanta,
Battle of Jonesboro,

Franklin–Nashville Campaign

Battle of Franklin,
Battle of Nashville,

Carolinas Campaign,

Battle of Bentonville,
Template:Infobox Arkansas Confederate Artillery Batteries

2nd Arkansas Light Artillery, (1861–1865) was a Confederate Army artillery battery which served during the American Civil War. The battery spent the majority of the war serving in Confederate forces east of the Mississippi River. The battery is also referred to as the Clark County Artillery, Robert's Arkansas Battery and Wiggins Arkansas Battery

Organization

The battery was recruited and organized in Arkadelphia, Arkansas by Captain Franklin Roberts, a local watch maker.[1] On December 29, 1860, militia commissions were issued to the officers of a "Volunteer Light Artillery Company" in the 28th Regiment, Arkansas State Militia. Arkansas had yet to seceed from the Union so these new organizations were formed under the Arkansas Militia Law which authorized each county for form four volunteer companies, in additional to it's infantry regiment.[2] The origional battery officers were: [3]

  • Captain Franklin Roberts
  • 1st Lieutenant James K. Jones
  • 2nd Lieutenant Charles Blackhead
  • 3rd Lieutenant Richard T. Tisdale

On March 29, 1861, Colonel William M. Bruce, commander of the 28th Regiment, Arkansas State Militia, wrote to Arkansas Governor Henry Rector to report the election of his regiment and to request a fife and drum set for the Clark County Artillery under Captain Frank Roberts.[4] The battery was made up mostly of Clark County men, with a few from Hot Springs County. The battery was enrolled in Confederate service at Little Rock, Arkansas on July 15, 1863[1] The battery officers when transferred to Confederate service were:[1]

  • Captain Franklin Roberts
  • 1st Lieutenant Peter E. Greene
  • 2nd Lieutenant William C. Adams
  • 3rd Lieutenant W. T. Crouch

The new unit was initially sent to the depot at Pitman's Ferry, near Pocahontas, Arkansas.[5] Though he expected immediate deployment to operations in Kentucky, the depot's commander, Colonel Solon Borland, placed a hold on this artillery battery, opting to instead keep them at the depot to defend against a possible Union attack. It remained in this duty for two months, then was sent for service in Mississippi.[1]

Battles

During the Battle of Shiloh, a.k.a, Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee, Sunday, April 6, 1862 – Monday, April 7, 1862, the battery,the battery, armed with two 6-pounder smoothbores and two 12-pounder howitzers,.[1] was listed as unattached. The unit became involved in the largest concentration of artillery in North American up to that time.[6] By the afternoon of Sunday, April 6, 1862, men of Prentiss's and W. H. L. Wallace's divisions had established and held a position nicknamed the Hornet's Nest.[7] The Confederates assaulted the position for several hours rather than simply bypassing it, and they suffered heavy casualties during these assaults.[8] It was not until the Confederates, led by Brig. Gen. Daniel Ruggles, assembled over 50 cannons, including Robert's Arkansas Battery, into a position known as "Ruggles's Battery"[9] to blast the line at close range that they were able to surround the position, and the Hornet's Nest fell after holding out for seven hours.[10]

In early May 1862, Confederate forces underwent an army-wide reorganization due to the passage of the Conscription Act by the Confederate Congress in April 1862.[11] All twelve-month regiments and units had to re-muster and enlist for two additional years or the duration of the war; a new election of officers was ordered; and men who were exempted from service by age or other reasons under the Conscription Act were allowed to take a discharge and go home. Officers who did not choose to stand for re-election were also offered a discharge.[12] The reorganization was accomplished among all the Arkansas regiments and unit in and around Corinth, Mississippi, following the Battle of Shiloh.[13] On May 25, 1862, Captain Roberts resigned, and Jannedens H. Wiggins, who had risen from first sergeant to first lieutenant, was elected captain. The battery would hereafter be known as Wiggins’ Battery, and the compiled service records of the men are filed under this designation at the National Archives.[1]

Roberts's Arkansas Battery is listed in General P.G.T Beauregard's report of the Confederate Army of the Mississippi on May 26, 1862. The unit is assigned to Colonel Robert G. Shaver's 1st Brigade of General Hardee's 3rd Army Corps.[14] By June 30, 1862, Robert's Battery, now under the command of Jannedens H. Wiggins, is assigned to Colonel St. John R. Liddell's brigade of General Hardee's 3rd Army Corps[15]

Larry Daniels, in Cannoneers in Gray: The Field Artillery of the Army of Tennessee, 1861-1865. (Tuscaloosa, AL: Fire Ant Books, 2005)., mis-identifies Trigg's Battery as the Clark County Light Artillery.[16] This confusion was apparently caused by the transfer of several former members of Trigg's/Austin's Arkansas Battery to Roberts' Clark County Artillery following the break up of Trigg's Battery. On July 23, 1862, a number of men from Captain Thomas M. Austin’s (formerly Trigg's Arkansas Battery disbanded Arkansas light battery were assigned to the Clark County Artillery.[1] The battery was augmented with replacements twice during the war, to replace casualties suffered. In late 1862 they received a number of replacements from the 1st Alabama Cavalry.

Equipped as a "horse artillery" unit, the battery was fully mounted, making it extremely mobile and capable of fast movements during battle actions. For this reason, in the re-organization of Confederate forces in the fall of 1862 following the Kentucky and Oorinth Campaigns, the battery was placed under the command of Lieutenant General Nathan Bedford Forrest, so that it could support Forrest's fast moving cavalry. To support Forrest's rapid fluid movements, the battery generally operated in three widely separated cannon sections, which enabled their effective support of the cavalry, but left them in a dangerous position and exposed to attack if the cavalry moved too far from the battery.[1]

During the Battle of Stone's River, December 31, 1862, to January 2, 1863, the battery was assigned to Brigadier General Joseph Wheeler's Cavalry Brigade.[17] During the skirmisihing leading up to the battle, the battery fought as independant sections under Lieutenants J.P. Bryant, and J.W. Calloway. Lieutenant Bryan lead one gun of one section whicy accompanied Major General John C. Breckinridge's attack on the Union left flank on January 2, 1863. [18]

In April 17, 1863, Brigadier General William T. Martin ordered the battery to exchange two of it's old guns for new howitzers. Martin was concerned that the two guns being turned in could not be moved due to their poor condition. [19] Captain Wiggins compiled service records contain corrispondance relating to Brigadier General Martin's orders to turn in two of his guns. Wiggins reports that he had two rifled guns that had become very inaccurate due to the rifeling becoming warn. He indicated that the howitizers in his battery were U.S. manufactured. Wiggins idicated that he had mounted his rifled guns on 12lbs Howitzer carrages because these carriages required fewer horses to draw. Captain Wiggins indicated that he had been directed to obtain horses for a six gun battery and that he was in need of a forge.


During a minor action near Shelbyville, Tennessee, on June 27, 1863, a section of the battery commanded by Captain Jannedens H. Wiggins was cut off from the main force, and left vulnerable to attacking Union forces. The battery was overtaken, resulting in the capture of their artillery and thirty soldiers. Twenty nine of those would remain prisoners of war until well into the summer of 1865, after the war's end, before being released in a general parole. However, Captain Wiggins was sent to an officers' prison, and was released during a prisoner exchange in the early summer of 1865, before the war ended. Thus, he was able to return to duty for the unit's last action.[1]

During the Chickamauga Campaign, the battery as assigned to Colonel Alfred A. Russell's 2nd Brigade of Brigadier General William T. Martin's division of Major General Joseph Wheeler's Cavalry Corps.[20][21]

Begining on September 29, 1863, the battery participated in Wheeler's October 1863 Raid north the Tennessee River. During this raid two of Wiggin's guns had to be abandoned due to their poor condition.[22]

On April 1, 1864, Captain W.L. Scott, Chief of Artillery filed a report of light batteries in Wheeler's Cavalry Corps. Wiggins Battery is listed as belonging to Brigadier General Martin's division of Major General Wheeler's Cavalry Corps. Scott was apparenlty one able to report the status of one section of the battery which was stationed at Oxford Alabama and contained 44 effectives with eight absent. The section had six serviceable horses and three unserviceable animals.[23]

On April 1, 1864, as Confederate Forces were re-organized for the Atlanta Campaign, Geneal Order No. 29 assigned Brigadier General Francis A. Shoup to command the artillery of the Army of Tennessee and Wiggin's Battery was assigned to support Wheeler's Cavalry Corps.[24] Brigadier General Shoup divided the artillery into battalions assigned to each corps. On April 30, 1864, Wiggins Battery, now under the command of 1st Lieutenant J.P. Bryant, was assigned to Lieutenant Colonel Feliex H. Robertson's Artillery Batttalion in Wheeler's Cavalry Corps.[25] On June 30, 1864, the battery is again listed as assigned to Lieutenant Colonel Feliex H. Robertson's Artillery Batttalion in Wheeler's Cavalry Corps.[26]


In April 1865, Captain Wiggins, recently released from his prisoner of war status, reunited with his battery, which was by this time attached to the 14th Georgia Artillery Battalion in North Carolina.[1]

Surrender

On April 19, 1865, during a minor combat action near Newton, North Carolina, the battery was forced to surrender after being overrun following the collapse of the Confederate infantry to whom they were in support. Of the just over 160 men that had served in the battery from the beginning of the war, only 11 remained at the time of their surrender.[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "2nd Arkansas Light Artillery". Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Home Page. Retrieved 18 January 2011.
  2. ^ Militia Law of the State of Arkansas, Published by direction of the Commander in Chief of the Army of the State of Arkansas and the Militia thereof, page 27, accessed January 1, 2011http://books.google.com/books?id=3lFKAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA4-PA5#v=onepage&q&f=false
  3. ^ Arkansas Military Department Records, Spanish American War, List of Commissioned Officers of the Militia 1827–1862, Arkansas History Commission, Microfilm Roll 38-8, Page 504
  4. ^ 150 Years Ago Today, William M. Bruce, Arkadelphia, Arkansas, to Governor Henry M. Rector, Kie Oldham papers, Arkansas History Commission, Accessed 16 August 2013, http://www.ark-ives.com/doc-a-day/?date=3/29/2011
  5. ^ United States. War Dept.. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 3., Book, 1881; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154606/m1/697/?q=Arkansas Battery : accessed February 13, 2013), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries, Denton, Texas.
  6. ^ United States. War Dept.. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 10, In Two Parts. Part 1, Reports., Book, 1884, page 472; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154613/m1/480/?q=Roberts Arkansas Battery : accessed August 16, 2013), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department, Denton, Texas.
  7. ^ Cunningham, O. Edward. Shiloh and the Western Campaign of 1862. Edited by Gary Joiner and Timothy Smith. New York: Savas Beatie, 2007. ISBN 978-1-932714-27-2, pp. 241–42.
  8. ^ Eicher, David J. The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. ISBN 0-684-84944-5. p. 227, cites 12. See Also, Daniel, Larry J. Shiloh: The Battle That Changed the Civil War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997. ISBN 0-684-80375-5 p. 214,
  9. ^ Historians disagree on the number of artillery pieces the Confederates massed against the Hornets Nest. Cunningham, p. 290, can account for 51. Daniel, p. 229, argues for 53. Eicher, p. 228 and Sword, Wiley. Shiloh: Bloody April. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1992. ISBN 0-7006-0650-5. First published 1974 by Morrow. p. 326, report the traditional count of 62, which was originally established by battlefield historian D.W. Reed.
  10. ^ Nevin, David, and the Editors of Time-Life Books. The Road to Shiloh: Early Battles in the West. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1983. ISBN 0-8094-4716-9. pp. 121–29, 136–39; See also Esposito, Vincent J. West Point Atlas of American Wars. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1959. OCLC 5890637, map 36; Daniel, pp. 207–14; See Also Woodworth, Steven E. Nothing but Victory: The Army of the Tennessee, 1861–1865. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005. ISBN 0-375-41218-2. pp. 179–85; See Also Eicher, p. 227. Sword, p. 306, lists 2,320 captured; Eicher, p. 228, 2,200; Daniel, p. 214, 2,400.
  11. ^ UPTON, EMORY, Bvt. Maj. Gen., United States Army; "THE MILITARY POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES" WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1912, Page 471, Congressional edition, Volume 6164, Google Books, Accessed 4 November 2011, http://books.google.com/books?id=2-tGAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA471&lpg=PA471&dq=Confederate+conscription+law+reorganization+regiment&source=bl&ots=7ptDBF0n2D&sig=-K_6PQoHglmh_SOzuobv_JyNWUw&hl=en#v=onepage&q=Confederate%20conscription%20law%20reorganization%20regiment&f=false
  12. ^ United States. War Dept. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 10, In Two Parts. Part 2, Correspondence, etc., Book, 1884; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154614/m1/500/?q=Army of Mississippi : accessed June 17, 2012), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries, Denton, Texas.
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference history-sites was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ United States. War Dept.. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 10, In Two Parts. Part 2, Correspondence, etc., Book, 1884; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154614/m1/550/?q=Trigg Arkansas Battery : accessed February 13, 2013), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries, Denton, Texas.
  15. ^ United States. War Dept.. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 10, In Two Parts. Part 1, Reports., Book, 1884; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154613/m1/796/?q=Trigg Arkansas Battery : accessed February 13, 2013), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries, Denton, Texas.
  16. ^ Larry Daniels, in Cannoneers in Gray: The Field Artillery of the Army of Tennessee, 1861-1865. (Tuscaloosa, AL: Fire Ant Books, 2005)
  17. ^ United States. War Dept.. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 20, In Two Parts. Part 1, Reports., Book, 1887; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154629/m1/671/?q=Columbus Kentucky Arkansas Battery : accessed February 13, 2013), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries, Denton, Texas.
  18. ^ United States. War Dept.. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 20, In Two Parts. Part 1, Reports., Book, 1887, Page 965; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154629/m1/976/?q=Wiggins Arkansas Battery : accessed August 16, 2013), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department, Denton, Texas.
  19. ^ United States. War Dept.. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 23, In Two Parts. Part 1, Reports., Book, 1889; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154602/m1/273/?q=Wiggins : accessed August 17, 2013), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department, Denton, Texas.
  20. ^ United States. War Dept.. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 30, In Four Parts. Part 4, Correspondence...Union and Confederate., Book, 1890; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth152981/m1/500/?q=Wiggins : accessed August 17, 2013), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department, Denton, Texas.
  21. ^ United States. War Dept.. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 30, In Four Parts. Part 2, Reports., Book, 1891, page 19; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth152979/m1/36/?q=Wiggins Arkansas Battery : accessed August 16, 2013), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department, Denton, Texas.
  22. ^ United States. War Dept.. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 30, In Four Parts. Part 2, Reports., Book, 1891, Page 725; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth152979/m1/742/?q=Wiggins : accessed August 17, 2013), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department, Denton, Texas.
  23. ^ United States. War Dept.. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 32, In Three Parts. Part 3, Correspondence, etc., Book, 1891; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth152650/m1/741/?q=Wiggins : accessed August 17, 2013), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department, Denton, Texas.
  24. ^ United States. War Dept.. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 32, In Three Parts. Part 3, Correspondence, etc., Book, 1891; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth152650/m1/751/?q=Wiggins : accessed August 17, 2013), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department, Denton, Texas.
  25. ^ United States. War Dept.. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 38, In Five Parts. Part 3, Reports., Book, 1891, Page 651; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154634/m1/668/?q=Wiggins Arkansas Battery : accessed August 16, 2013), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department, Denton, Texas.
  26. ^ United States. War Dept.. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 38, In Five Parts. Part 3, Reports., Book, 1891, Page 651; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154634/m1/668/?q=Wiggins Arkansas Battery : accessed August 16, 2013), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department, Denton, Texas.

Bibliography

  • Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System, National Park Service
  • Daniels, Larry (2005). Cannoneers in Gray: The Field Artillery of the Army of Tennessee, 1861–1865. Tuscaloosa, AL: Fire Ant Books.
== External links ==
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