Brown's Arkansas Battery: Difference between revisions

Brown's Arkansas Artillery Battery (Confederate)
Arkansas state flag
Country	Confederate States of America
Allegiance	CSA
Branch	Artillery
Engagements	American Civil War

Template:Infobox Arkansas Confederate Artillery Batteries

The Brown's Arkansas Artillery Battery (1862–1863) was a Confederate Army artillery battery during the American Civil War. Also known as: the Newton Artillery

When General Thomas C. Hindman arrived in Arkansas in late May, 1862 to assume command of the new Trans-Mississippi District, he found almost nothing to command. He quickly began organizing new regiments, but his most pressing need was for arms for the new forces he was organizing, including the artillery. One of his first acts was to order General Albert Pike, commanding the Indian Territory, to return Woodruff's Battery, also known as the Weaver Light Artillery to Arkansas. Louis W. Brown first had been elected Second Lieutenant in Capatin William E. Woodruff's militia battery, then known as the Totten Light Artillery^[1] on December 20, 1860,^[2][3] and he was still serving as a Lieutenant in Woodruff's battery at the time of this transfer. Woodruff's Battery was utilized to provide the officer cadre for several new batteries in the summer of 1862. Brown was promoted to Captain and ordered to command a battery to be organized from details from the infantry regiments of Brigadier General James H. McBride's brigade.

HEADQUARTERS TRANS-MISSISSIPPI DISTRICT,

Little Rock, Ark., August 1, 1862.

Special Orders, No. 42.

Capt. L. W. Brown will report immediately to Brig. Gen. J. H. McBride, at his headquarters at or near Batesville, to command a company of artillery for service with his brigade. General McBride will, if he finds it necessary, make details from his infantry, to form such a company, of one hundred and twenty men.

By command of Major-General Hindman,

R. C. NEWTON,

Chief of Staff.^[4]

Another former member of Woodruff's battery, Sergeant Henry Halliburton^[5] was promoted to serve one of Captain Brown's Lieutenants.^{[6] [7]}

Little is known of this battery, except that it was named the "Newton Artillery" in honor of Col. Robert Crittenden Newton.^[8] No muster rolls have ever been located. Historians have assembled a roster of thirth four unit members by examining the muster rolls of the regiments which detailed men to the battery.^[9] Most of the thirty-four names which appear in the National Archives records under Brown's Arkansas Battery also can be found in the 27th Arkansas Regiment. Six each came from Companies "G" and "I"; another five were assigned from Company "F". Others appear to be from Companies "A", "B", "C", "E", "H" and "K".^[10] Several Missouri men from Co B, Matlock's Ark Regiment, joined the battery. They previously had been members of Jeffers' Mo Independent Cavalry Company, the Swamp Rangers. One of them, Joseph Coker, later wrote a short paper, which is part of the Thomas Ewing Family Papers, Library of Congress,which is directed toward the Battle of Pilot Knob,Mo. However, he traces some of his prior experiences, including a little on his service in Brown's Battery.^[11] The transfer of men from the 26th Arkansas to Brown's Battery was made permanent "by order of Gen. Hindman" as of August 12, 1862. This was also the date that transfers of men to other batteries (Hart's, etc.) were made permanent. It is also, coincidentally, the date of a reorganization of regiments in Arkansas in which new elections of officers were held, and some companies were shifted around, consolidated, etc.^[12]

By October 18, 1862, Brown's Arkansas Battery, with four iron 6 pounder guns was located at Pittman's Ferry, in Randolph County, Arkansas, With Colonel Colton Green's Missouri Cavalry Regiment.^[13]

In early November, the battery was assigned to a small brigade of Missouri Cavarly, including the 3rd Misouri Cavalry Regiment, commanded by Colonel John Q. Burbridge.^[14] Under Burbridge's command, the battery fought at the Battle of Clark's Mill on November 7, 1862 in Douglas County, Missouri.^[15]

...in November, 1862, while Burbridges regiment was ordered to proceed from Bennetts Bayou, Ark., and surprise and capture a small post, (the name of which I cannot recall) located in Douglas or Wright County, Mo., I remember this expedition as the severest of my war experiences. We broke camp at eight A. M., and it was said marched seventy-five miles and attacked the post at eight A. M. the next day. The battery was light artillery, and the cannoneers were supposed to be mounted but they were not; only those acting as drivers, three to each gun and the Sargeant in charge of the detachment. Two men could ride on the limbers, and the others were told to take turns with them and the drivers, when tired of walking.... After several miles of weary, but rapid marching, that showed the officers confidence, and encouraged the men, we came in sight of the post and attacked it at once. The post consisted of a block house surrounded by palisades and was defended by a battalion of home guards, a small detachment of regular volunteers, and two toy cannon. At the second or third round from our battery they run up a white flag, and called for a conference, which resulted in their surrender as prisoners of war.

By December 1862, the battery, now apparently reduced to two guns, was assigned to Colonel Joseph C. Porter's Missouri Cavalry Brigade during General John S. Marmaduke's December 1862 through January 1863 expedition through southern Missouri.^[16] This movement was two-pronged. Col. Porter led one column, comprising his Missouri Cavalry Brigade, out of Pocahontas, Arkansas, to assault Union posts around Hartville, Missouri. When he neared Hartville on January 9, he sent a detachment forward to reconnoiter. It succeeded in capturing the small militia garrison. The same day, Porter moved toward Marshfield. On January 10, some of Porter's men raided other Union installations in the area before making contact with Marmaduke's column east of Marshfield. Marmaduke had received reports of Union troops approaching to surround him and prepared for a confrontation. Early on the morning of January 11 the Confederates under Porter made contact with Union Col. Samuel Merrill 's scouts and skirmishing commenced. Merrill marched his force directly to Hartville where it took a strong defensive position on covered, high ground west of the courthouse. Shelby and Porter's brigades attempted to dislodge Merrill's force, but it was too strongly positioned. Over a four-hour period several Confederate assaults were made, each being repulsed in turn. Eventually Merrill withdrew most of his force. Both sides claimed victory in the Battle of Battle of Hartville. Marmaduke was compelled to make a rapid retreat into Arkansas and then an arduous trek to winter camp.^{[17][18] [19] [20]}

In the winter of 1862-3, we make a second rain into Mo., and had a hard fight at Hartville, in which out battery suffered severely. The first man killed was Charley Alexander, a Cape [Girardeau] County boy, shot through the heart while charging into town at the head of the column. A preacher named Smith, who rode and drove the wheIel span on one of the guns was shot through the chest as we were going into battle, but he would not leave his post until after calling” “Boys, I am shot through and must die, come quick and take the horses or they will run off with the limber,” fell dead when relieved.

It is possible that Brown's Battery also participated in General Marmaduke's Second Missouri Expedition. General Marmaduke began his second raid into Missouri from Northeast Arkansas on April 18, 1863.^[21] During the raid, he intended to obtain much-needed supplies for his troops, several hundred of whom were unarmed and un-mounted.^[22] Marmaduke organized his division of about 5,000 men into two columns, each made up of two brigades. Colonel George W. Carter led one of the columns, which consisted of a brigade led by Colonel Colton Greene and the other by Carter himself. The second column was led by Colonel Joseph O. Shelby and consisted of Shelby's famous "Iron Brigade," commanded by Colonel George W. Thompson, and another brigade commanded by Colonel John Q. Burbridge.^[23] In all, the division had between eight and ten pieces of artillery.^[24] Following a unsucessful attack on the heavily fortified city of Cape Girardeau on April 26, 1863, Marmaduke began a retreat by to Arkansas, conducing a rear guard action at the Battle of Chalk Bluff on May on May 1 and May 2, 1863 while he crossed his forces back into Arkansas.

References to Brown's Battery become very scarce following Marmadukes First Expedition to Missouri. In April 1863, there is a reference to Brown's Battery of Greene's Brigade in a General Order No. 10., issued by General Holmes, which refers to the court martial of one of the battery's soldiers for offences committed in February 1863 when the battery was stationed at Batesville, Arkansas. ^[25] The battery is listed as belonging to Colonel Colton Greene's Missouri Cavalry Brigade of Brigadier General Marmaduke's Missouri Cavalry Division as of May 20, 1863, with the added comment "ordered to Little Rock".^[26] The battery virtually disappears from the records at that point. Brown's Battery is not mentioned in Marmaduke's report of the raid, however, Marmaduke's report mentions does mention that his force included that eight field pieces and two mountain guns. It is assume that Collins's battery of Shelby's Brigade had four cannons, and it is likely that Pratt's battery of Carter's Brigade of Texans also had four pieces. That does not account for the two other weapons he reported having on the raid. These could be the two pieces of Brown's Battery attached to Greene's Brigade. the battery is listed as being asssignd to Greene's Brigade on May 20, 1863, after the raid.

It is unclear when or where this battery surrendered.

• Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Home Page
• The Encylopedia of Arkansas History and Culture
• The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies
• The Arkansas History Commission, State Archives, Civil War in Arkansas

• Book:Arkansas Confederate Infantry Units
• Book:Arkansas Confederates, The Cavalry and Artillery Units
• List of Arkansas Civil War Confederate units
• Lists of American Civil War Regiments by State
• Confederate Units by State
• Arkansas in the American Civil War
• Arkansas Militia in the Civil War
• This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System, National Park Service