38th Arkansas Infantry Regiment: Difference between revisions

38th Arkansas Infantry (Confederate)
Arkansas state flag
Active	1862 to 1865
Country	Confederate States of America
Allegiance	CSA
Branch	Infantry
Engagements	Battle of Prairie Grove Battle of Little Rock Red River Campaign, Battle of Pleasant Hill, Battle of Jenkins Ferry,

Template:Infobox Arkansas Confederate Infantry Regiments The 38th Arkansas Infantry (1862–1865) was a Confederate Army infantry regiment during the American Civil War. The unit was often referred to as Shaver's Arkansas Infantry.^[1] The unit served in the Department of the Trans-Mississippi from its formation in the summer of 1862 until the surrender in May 1865.

38th Infantry Regiment began when General Hindman issued Special Order Number #12, Army of the Southwest, dated June 22, 1862, which authorized a Captain W. C. Adams to raise one or more companies of mounted infantry in Lawrence and Randolph Counties and to immediately attack the enemy without waiting on special orders.^[2][3] On July 23, 1862, General Hindman wrote to Captain Adams and ordered him to take command of the companies now raised, organized and armed in the counties of Randolph, Green, Lawrence and Poinsett and "move them to a rendevous [sic?] point near Jacksonport, ....and make a temporary organization of them into battalion or regiment depending on the number of men and companies.... to be used against enemy vigorously on Crowley's Ridge."^[2] On August 2, 1862, Special Order #43, Trans Mississippi District appointed William C. Adams Lieutenant Colonel and Capt. M. Baber as Major of a battalion composed of seven companies. Lieutenant Colonel Adams was authorized to assign staff officers with the approval of General McBride. He was directed to immediately dismount his command and march to McBride's camp. The intent was that the battalion to be increased to regiment as soon as possible.^[2]

When the regiment was finally assembled in September, 1862, it contained men from Yell, Izard, Lawrence, and Craighead counties. Early in June, 1862, Colonel Shaver, with General Hindman, was transferred to the Trans-Mississippi Department. The 38th was formally organized at Jacksonport, Arkansas on September 8, 1862. Colonel Shaver was unanimously elected colonel and he continued in command during the various campaigns and battles in the department. The unit was inducted into Confederate Service on September 21, 1862 at Jacksonport, Arkansas. Its field grade officers were Colonel Robert G. Shaver, Lieutenant Colonels William C. Adams and Milton D. Baber, and Major R. R. Henry.^[4] The unit was composed of volunteer companies from the following counties:^[5]

• Company A, Commanded by Captain James L. Sexton, organized at Lauratown, Arkansas on June 17, 1862
• Company B, Commanded by Captain Joshua Wann, organized in Lawrence County, Arkansas on July 19, 1862
• Company C, Commanded by Captain James J. Wyatt, organized at Camp Adams, Randolph County, Arkansas on July 19, 1862
• Company D, Commanded by Captain William J. Sanders, organized at Smithville, Arkansas on July 19, 1862
• Company E, Commanded by Captain M. Beshoar, organized in Pocahontas, Randolph County, Arkansas on July 8, 1862
• Company F, Commanded by Captain Alfred Gay organized in Evening Shade, Arkansas on July 16, 1862
• Company G, Commanded by Captain John R. Wells, organized in Powhatan, Lawrence County, Arkansas on June 7, 1862
• Company H, Commanded by Captain William A. Black, organized in Randolph County, Arkansas on July 15, 1862^[6]
• Company I, Commanded by Captain R. W. Echols, organized in Independence County, Arkansas on August 6, 1862^[6]
• Company K, Commanded by Captain Louis E. Knight, organized at Sulphur Rock, Arkansas on August 7, 1862
• Company L
• Company M, Formerly organized as Company F, 10th Missouri Infantry Regiment^[6]

In the fall of 1864 the 38th, and the 27th Arkansas Infantry Regiment were consolidated, and they were known thenceforth until the surrender in May 1865, as Shaver's Infantry Regiment.^[7]

The 38th Arkansas was assigned to Colonel Robert G. Shaver's 2nd Brigade of Daniel M. Frost's 3rd Division of Major General Thomas C. Hindman's 1st Corps of the Army of the Trans-Mississippi for the Battle of Prairie Grove on December 7, 1862. The other regiments in the brigade were the 27th, 33rd, and Adams' Arkansas Infantry Regiments.^[8] Only a portion of the 38th Arkansas was engaged at Prairie Grove, because the unit was not fully armed. The portion of the regiment with weapons, which totaled men 152, from Companies A, C, G, H, and probably K, were placed under the command of Lieutenant Colonel William C. Adams and supported General Joseph Orville Shelby's brigade during the battle.^[9] According to Lieutenant Colonel William C. Adams' report of the engagement, the unit lost 5 killed, 25 wounded, 22 missing at Prairie Grove.^[10]

On February 28, 1862, Brigadier General J. C. Tappan, formerly commander of the 13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, was ordered to assume command of Shaver's brigade, consisting of the 38th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, commanded by Colonel Robert G. Shaver, the 27th Arkansas Infantry Regiment commanded by Colonel James R. Shaler, and the 33rd Arkansas Infantry Regiment commanded by Colonel Hiram L. Grinstead. General Tappan was ordered to move his brigade to Louisiana to support General Taylor's operations against General's Grant's forces laying siege to Vicksburg Mississippi.^[11] The 38th spent the month of July 1863 in the vicinity of Delhi, Louisiana where they conducted raids on Federal interests between Delhi and the Mississippi River.^[12] The 38th and Tappan's brigade was ordered to Arkansas, via Pine Bluff, in August 1863. ^[13] The Tappan's Brigade and the 38th Arkansas missed the Battle of Helena on July 4, 1863, because of its operations in Louisiana.

The 38th returned to Arkansas in August 1863, and were involved in the defense of Little Rock. At the evacuation of Little Rock, September 10, 1863, Colonel Shaver was in command of the brigade and covered the Confederate retreat out of the city southward. He was greatly mortified that he was not permitted to engage the enemy, and he always contended that General Price should have offered battle.^[7] The unit was attached to R. G. Shaver's and Tappan's Brigade, Trans-Mississippi Department, and during the spring of 1864 was consolidated with the 27th Arkansas. During the Battle of Jenkins' Ferry, the consolidated command lost 4 killed and 22 wounded.^[4] Many of the men from the Shaver's Infantry transferred to the newly formed 45th Arkansas Mounted Infantry in the summer of 1864 and rode with General Sterling Price on his Missouri Campaign in the fall of 1864. The 38th is credited with taking part in the following battles:^[4]

• Battle of Prairie Grove, Arkansas, December 7, 1862
• Battle of Little Rock, Arkansas, September 10, 1863
• Red River Campaign, Arkansas March–May, 1864

• Battle of Pleasant Hill, Louisiana, April 9, 1864
• Battle of Jenkins Ferry, Arkansas April 30, 1864

The 38th Arkansas, like most of the Arkansas infantry regiments, was located in the vicinity of Marshall, Texas, when the war ended. As the state had been so ravaged by war and thus was unable to subsist large numbers of troops, General Kirby Smith had sent most of his infantry to Texas the previous fall. None of the regiments camped around Marshall actually participated in a formal surrender. They simply disbanded and went home. Some soldiers were paroled individually at various points as they made their way home, but most were never paroled. The 38th Arkansas was included in the formal surrender of the Army of Trans-Mississippi by General Kirby Smith at Marshall, Texas, on May 26, 1865.^[14]

• Allen, Desmond Walls, "The Thirty-Eighth Arkansas Confederate Infantry". (Conway, AR: Arkansas Research, 1988) ISBN 0-941765-37-7
• Banasik, Michael E., "Embattled Arkansas: The Prairie Grove Campaign of 1862". (Wilmington, NC: Broadfoot Publishing Company 1998)

• Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Home Page
• The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture
• The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies
• The Arkansas History Commission, State Archives, Civil War in Arkansas

• List of Arkansas Civil War Confederate units
• Lists of American Civil War Regiments by State
• Confederate Units by State
• Arkansas in the American Civil War
• Arkansas Militia in the Civil War

• This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System, National Park Service