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0063274825
| 9780063274822
| 0063274825
| 3.68
| 32,338
| Aug 19, 2021
| Jul 11, 2023
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it was amazing
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Give me all the unhinged narrators. I love a novel that spirals in on its own intensity and insights, that’s my happy zone of books even if there is n
Give me all the unhinged narrators. I love a novel that spirals in on its own intensity and insights, that’s my happy zone of books even if there is nary a plot to be found. French author Maud Ventura’s debut, My Husband, is an unnerving psychological whirlwind of overthinking, manipulation and dark comedy that examines a woman’s obsession with her husband over the course of a week and it is such a gripping cacophony of chaos. I loved this so much and found myself fixated on this novel as much as she was on the minute details of her interpersonal interactions. A translator and high school literature teacher by day, the narrator’s acutely insightful mind latches onto every minute detail and assesses them the way one would a novel with Ventura brilliantly capturing the ways anxious overanalysis can culminate towards catastrophizing and reckless behavior. As the distress rises towards a fever pitch and all the screws begin to rattle loose, what is revealed are the harsh reactions to a patriarchal society and the tensions between conformity or resistance in a mental chess match to assert control. The prose, wonderfully translate by Emma Ramadan, really helps keeps the intensity going and this book just pulls you along. A disquieting and intensely introspective examination of marriage, manipulation or the fragile and faulty sense of self when constructing oneself for the gaze of others, My Husband is a dark delight that crackles with social criticisms and suspense and builds towards an impressive surprise punch of an ending. ‘When it comes to love, I’ve learned nothing: I love too intensely and I’m consumed by my own love (analysis, jealousy, doubt)—so much that when I’m in love, I always end up slightly extinguished and saddened. When I love, I become harsh, serious, intolerant. A heavy shadow settles over my relationships. I love and want to be loved with so much gravitas that it quickly becomes exhausting (for me, for the other person). It’s always an unhealthy kind of love.’ This book is wild, yet it remains playfully ponderous and engaging as the narrator’s mental state swirls like a stormcloud. It’s an addictive book that captures the idea of an addictive and overthinking personality and couldn’t stop thinking about it, and I’d like to extend a massive thank you to Luh for recommending this and discussing it with me for days. I even bought clementines because of the incredible scene where, in a party game where they are all assigned different fruits, she is utterly appalled that her husband picks a clementine for her and a pineapple for his friend’s wife. ‘he associates his best friend’s wife with a summery, exotic fruit, acidic and ample…he married a clementine. He lives with a winter fruit, a banal and cheap fruit, a supermarket fruit. A small, ordinary fruit that has none of the indulgence of the orange nor the originality of the grapefruit. A fruit organized into segments, practical and easy to eat, precut, ready for use, proffered in its casing.’ This segment is indicative of the spiraling, anxious thoughts she has and how outraged she can become over perceived insults. She does not let the clementine slight go and I giggled every time it came back up. The novel does well to draw the reader into seeing the narrator as unhinged though will ultimately ask big questions on why this is our perception. ‘I don’t have to tell him everything: the couples that last are the ones that keep the mystery alive.’ ‘I was very much in love with my boyfriend. So I kept wondering, why am I so passionate, so very intense?’ Ventura admits in an interview with The Bookseller on her inspirations for the story, ‘I was very sad too because a honeymoon phase doesn’t last. But that kind of intense love changes over time and I wanted to explore that in fiction. Can it ever last? But then I thought: ‘Would it be worse if it didn’t go away?’’ Ventura captures the feeling of overwhelming emotional intensity, showing a woman who—despite 15 years of marriage—is still caught in the uncertainty and insecurity of the crush stage and will do anything to keep that intensity alive. Her actions are all highly calculated and manipulative, secretly recording conversations to analyze them later, keeping a notebook of observations and a double-entry of perceived slights from her husband and the punishments she’ll dole out to balance it out. Her punishments and then grief are discussed in her feeling of affininity with Phaedra of Greek Mythology. ‘No one can see my neuroses except me. The way I see myself is not how other people see me. Everything is okay. I belong here.’ Control is a major part of this story and our only perspective on the events are from the rather claustrophobic vantage points of the narrator’s disquieted inner monologue ‘which center on my husband to a worrying degree—it’s difficult to quantify, but I’d say approximately 65 percent.’ She lives her life trying to present a calm and collected exterior to hide the maelstrom of emotions inside her and this lends itself to every aspect of her life being highly calculated and organzied, even assigning different colors to each day of the week in a rather self-fulfilling prophecy on how that day will play out. This works well into the narrative tension: ‘the white of Sunday is not as simple as it seems. Optics teaches us that white is the result of a combination of every color (and not the absence of color, as I once thought). It’s not the purity of the bride or the emptiness of the blank page: Sunday is neither neutral nor naive. White is the synthesis of every color, just as Sunday is the synthesis of every day of the week. It’s the final result, the last chapter, the solution.’ What we see, however, is a sense of identity that is merely self-mythologizing in order to feel control over her own interiority. We are aware, however, that this is likely incongruous with the self as seen by others. It is reminiscent of ‘being a sovereign and unique subject amidst a universe of objects,’ while also ‘an object for others…nothing more than an individual in the collectivity on which [she] depends,’ as Simone de Beauvoir discusses in The Ethics of Ambiguity. Ventura excels at having the narrator manipulating the reader and keeping us on a very short leash to guide us through her week only as she wishes us to see it. ‘Their grammar is inclusive: if one of the two of them is the main character of the story, the other is never erased because of it—the other’s point of view is always included in the narrative.’ An aspect that really had this book sink under my skin was how the narrative follows through rather quotidian life but incisively analyzed down to the detail with her picking apart even the most mundane events as if it were a novel to be decoded. ‘He says “I,” referring only to himself, and it embarrasses me,’ she observes at a party, ‘I’ve analyzed enough literary texts in my life to know that it’s not innocuous.’ She also interprets her life in context to the books she reads, with The Lover by Marguerite Duras adding texture to her thoughts, such as fixating on the line ‘I’ve never done anything but wait outside the closed door’ as a premonition of her future married life where she feels ‘like furniture’ always awaiting her husband. The aspects of her job as translation are quite interesting as well, with her obsession over words and how the language we use might inform our thinking and expressions of love/ ‘Absorbed in my translation, I wonder if that expression, so difficult to translate into French, testifies to the fact that English-speakers love differently than us. Do they make more effort? For them, is it possible to make love last? To reignite a desire that’s been extinguished? How do they do it? ’ When translating from an English novel it distresses her that their expressions could corrupt her marriage. ‘Will “let you go” one day seep into my marriage?’ she stresses, ‘how can we protect ourselves from this English blight?’ In terms of language too, its poignant that her husband is never named, ‘My husband has no name; he is my husband, he belongs to me,’ she quips which is part of a larger subversive attitude towards gendered objectification where her husband is more an object for her to control through her manipulations. The idea of him existing outside her gaze—or before she knew him—‘ is surreal, even revolting.’ Its why his acting out of character, at least how she expects, triggers a panic in her. Her husband orders lasagna when he never does, her husband has a work nickname not belonging to her, or even her husband being overly friendly with a waitress are all cause for alarm to her. The latter especially as the waitress seems inferior to the abilities she has cultivated: ‘There’s an English expression for this: wife material.’ ‘I read somewhere that there are three kinds of women: the woman in love, the mistress, and the mother. That seems right to me. I spent my childhood and adolescence being the woman in love…when I had children, I never moved to the next stage. I never changed categories to become a mother.’ At the heart of the story is a rather blistering critique on gender normative roles under patriarchy and how she feels constricted by them. She purchases a book of etiquette to ‘learn all of these rules by heart’ in order to present as proper “ladylike” by standards of society, she obsesses over her appearance to satisfy the male gaze, but she also resents a lot of the expectations. She observes that husbands get to be the “fun” parent while she deals in the mundane and labor aspects, or that questions about the family and kids are always addressed to her instead of the husband. In her belief that there are three types of women–those in love, the mistress or the mother–she finds only love to be a worthy role. Which has lead her to resent her children because ‘most of the time I’m too busy being in love to be a good mother’ and controlling the intensity of her marriage occupies all her thoughts and is never enough. ‘In reality, marriage didn’t calm me down. I realized at the very moment we said “I do” that my husband could still divorce me…I was constantly awaiting the next step. I discovered a world of proofs of love, with commitment everywhere and love nowhere. And fifteen years after our first date, I still sleep just as poorly.’ As Glennon Doyle once wrote, ‘a very effective way to control women is to convince women to control themselves,’ and we see how the narrator has fallen under this sort of control and self-sabotage by putting her entire identity into the intensity of her marriage. As Ventura discusses ‘what she has done in living for her man is making her miserable.’ It is a false self entirely constructed in the reflection of a man. ‘So with these two opposites—independent or dependent characters—you end with the same point: women should live for themselves.’ Otherwise we see her controting her own logic to justify anything and, without spoiling anything, there are some shocking revelations that are rather humorously rationalized. The book ends on a real knockout moment that perfectly encapsulates Ventura’s messages and themes. My Husband rides a frenetic energy that spirals on its own anxieties and builds towards a nearly maddening tension. Though we also much wonder who is the truly unhinged person here, the narrator or the society that imposes the stresses that lead her to believe her actions are justified in order to perform her role for the sake of society and love. A twisted but darkly comic novel and one where I found myself just as obsessed with reading it as the narrator’s obsession with her husband, My Husband is a startling and satisfying little book. 4.5/5 ...more |
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Apr 04, 2024
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3.72
| 60,554
| 1984
| Sep 08, 1998
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really liked it
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I realized while I was [image] This book has EVERYTHING: bleakness, desire, shame, novella length, devastating self-reflections, perfect prose, class commentary, power dynamics, depressing family dynamics, queer desire, smadding—you know that thing where the book is so sad it makes you smile because depraved and depressing novels are very much your jam, you freaky little book nerd, you—regret, French people, critiques of masculinity, critiques of colonialism, metafiction, unhinged decision making, this is a festival of fucked and feverish feelings in 120pgs and a pleasure unto death. I read this in a single sitting and I’m sitting here hours later still emotionally shaken. This is very much my sort of thing. Oh wait, I’m getting ahead of myself, we should do a Review right? Stefon, this is a GOODREADS. Okay, okay, you’re right, here goes: Memory is a butterfly flitting by in flashes and if we try to pin it down, to put our finger on the fluttering of the past, it often turns to powder upon our fingers. Memory fades or is altered by our act of trying to capture it, yet memory also has the ability to seemingly fold time. ‘Very early in my life, it was too late,’ French author Marguerite Duras writes in The Lover, a statement that directly addresses the method for which past and present become intertwined and timeless in her recollections much the way this novelistic memoir blends biography and fiction. The result is pure literary bliss. Winner of the 1984 Prix Goncourt and presented here in beautiful translation by Barbara Bray (for which she was awarded the Scott Moncrieff Prize in 1986) that captures the endlessly poetic potency of Duras’ prose, The Lover is a novel of memory, but it is also an examination of desire and navigating the self amidst family, death, social class and social taboos. This is also a novel of crossings such as the girl’s crossing of the Mekong river that often feels like the center of gravity to the narrative, the crossing of culture and age between the girl and the older Chinese man who becomes her lover, and even a crisscrossing of the timeline found in the fragmentary narrative style. A whirlwind of reflections and the ravages of desire, The Lover is as crisp as it is confident and completely shook up my heart. [image] From the 1992 film adaptation by Jean-Jacques Annaud Duras constructs a portrait of a woman across her many ages, all spiraling into one, and opens on a pitch perfect look at the course of a life all within one face: ‘One day, I was already old, in the entrance of a public place a man came up to me. He introduced himself and said, “I’ve known you for years. Everyone says you were beautiful when you were young, but I want to tell you I think you’re more beautiful now than then. Rather than your face as a young woman, I prefer your face as it is now. Ravaged.’ This was a book that completely ravaged me as well. With Duras’ exquisite prose punctuated by bold assertions and harsh assessments, with the exhaustion of fragile love at the mercy to society yet burning with unquenchable passion, with the haunting looks at family and identity in the clutches of social order and colonialism, and with the rapid fire of memories that are practically flung into your face. The story is told in brief vignettes that ignore any linearity. The reflections come almost at random and almost all at once, as if Duras has dropped and shattered a jar of memories and is frantically gathering them up as they attempt to roll away underfoot. These memories are based in biography (though no previous knowledge of Duras is necessary) but take wings of fiction, almost as if to impress the theme that to touch memory or to try and understand or shape it is to rewrite it and overlay the elusive past. It’s as she writes herself: ‘The story of my life doesn’t exist. Does not exist. There’s never any centre to it. No path, no line. There are great spaces where you pretend there used to be someone, but it’s not true, there was no one. The story of one small part of my youth I’ve already written, more or less — I mean, enough to give a glimpse of it. Of this part, I mean, the part about the crossing of the river. What I’m doing now is both different and the same.’ You can feel this strong lifeforce in every sentence and word as Duras transforms herself into art upon the page. The story bears many similarities to the film Hiroshima mon amour , for which Duras’ wrote the screenplay, and plays with Duras’ own experience in Vietnam when it was still called French Indochina. It was her most popular novel, published when Duras was 70, though while working on the 1992 film adaptation she would lament over the popularity of the book. In her biography Marguerite Duras: A Life by Laure Adler, Duras is quoted as telling director Jean-Jacques Annaud ‘the Lover is a load of shit…it’s an airport novel. I wrote it when I was drunk.’ Personally I found it delightful but I do enjoy the admission of intoxication during the writing process as the cavalcade of observations strung across tenuous connections does indeed feel like the confident logic of a brilliant mind greased up and ready to rant after a few drinks. ‘She wasn’t sure that she hadn’t loved him with a love she hadn’t seen because it had lost itself in the affair like water in sand and she rediscovered it only now, through this moment of music flung across the sea.’ The novel is best remembered for the relationship between the teenage girl and the older, wealthy Chinese man she meets after crossing the Mekong River. Crossings are a large theme of the novel, and while the girl only crosses the river twice, the second time to leave the man behind and return to France, the narrator is now crossing for a third time—metaphorically—to reinvestigate the site of her memories. It is a taboo relationship, though the focus is less on the torrid love affair and more on the curious power dynamics between them. He is wealthy, experienced and much older (it is mentioned he would be arrested due to her being so young), yet, socially, she holds all the power. She is French and white and he is Chinese. She is the colonizer and he is the colonized. Even her poverty seems to not matter and she admits he is only able to obtain her because of his access to wealth. ‘poverty had knocked down the walls of the family and we were all left outside, each one fending for himself. Shameless, that’s what we were. That’s how I came to be here with you.’ A lot of this book takes a swift swipe at the house of cards that is patriarchy and masculinity. The girl (the unnamed characters make them fairly symbolic as a larger social critique, perchance?) has no masculine figure in her life (her father has been in the ground a minute) and often adopts elements of gender-role-reversal. It is in order to obtain a way away from this life as she understand that the goal in life is ‘not that you have to achieve anything, it’s that you have to get away from where you are.’ Her most distinguishing visual element frequently referenced in the text is a large, flat-brimmed hat usually worn by men. While being noted as a discounted hat to nudge the aspect of her poverty and resourcefulness, it also shows her taking on a masculine role almost as a costume and a symbol of her desire for independence. It works, as it does attract her lover and gives her access to his money, and we see how she frequently describes him in terms of weakness and subservience to her. Even his sense of dominance as sexually experienced is described in terms as a response to fear: ‘he’s a man who must make love a lot, a man who’s afraid, he must make love a lot to fight against fear.’ This stems from another element of the strange power dynamic too. Even despite the inappropriateness , legally and socially, of him sleeping with a minor she is still in a position of dominance due to her status as a white, French family. There is a startling moment where he is trying to impress her family, showing them the sights and cuisine and they refuse to even acknowledge he exists. The man is in tears asking why they abuse him so as they ignore him, gorging themselves on food and insulting the city. It is a powerful moment that shows the rampant racism embedded in obdurate social hierarchies where even this millionaire is less than human to the poor, white family. ‘I am worn out with desire.’ More on the family in a moment but I can’t move away from the erotic aspects of the novel and the discussions on sex and the body as a sort of metaphor for land being colonized without also bringing up the queer desires in the novel. The narrator reflects on Hélène Lagonelle and her nude body, bold and unashamed as if oblivious to the desire and power her naked figure represents. It is through her that the narrator wishes to pass her sexual appetites for the man into her, almost as if conquering Hélène’s body by having his be the one to take it as he does her own. ‘I’d like to devour and be devoured by those flour-white breasts of hers,’ she thinks, ‘I am worn out with desire for Hélène Lagonelle.’ ‘We, her children, are heroic, dersperate.’ Her family is another major theme of the novel, such as her disdain for her older brother, her passion and awareness of mortality found in her younger brother and most notable, the struggles to keep a family and her own mental state together found in the mother. The Lover is as much a portrait of the mother as it is the daughter. It is a family held together by shame, disgraced by their fall from financial security yet still higher on the social hierarchy in French Indochina. But also this passage completely slayed me: ‘We're united in a fundamental shame at having to live. It's here we are at the heart of our common fate, the fact that all three of us are our mother's children, the children of a candid creature murdered by society. We're on the side of the society which has reduced her to despair. Because of what's been done to our mother, so amiable, so trusting, we hate life, we hate ourselves.’ While society is constantly seen as the oppressor—more so for the lover, who is even threatened to be cut off from his family fortune if he continues with the girl—they also, shamefully, cling to society in the ways it gives them a leg up. It becomes rather self-effacing. Though the brother, who is a real shithead, also further represents colonialism, refusing to find work and spending his days engaged in theft and perversion to uphold himself. The younger brother, however, becomes the doorway through which the narrator learns ‘immortality is mortal.’ His death shakes her and makes her realize life is fleeting and death is inevitable. ‘its while its being lived that life is immortal, while its still alive. Immortality is not a matter of more or less time, its not really a question of immortality but of something else that remains unknown’ All this culminates into her turning both inward and backward on her life in reflection. It is notable that her reflections tend to focus on photographs and images of herself, as a primary theme of the novel is the idea that the self shown to the world, ones image, is what society values. There is a strong juxtaposition of interior self versus exterior self, and her reflections attempt to bridge the gaps. ‘It's as if they were happy, and as if it came from outside themselves. And I have nothing like that.’ In her novel Shame, French Nobel Prize winner Annie Ernaux contrasts her ideas of memory with that of Marcel Proust, for whom memory is exterior to the self. She explains his perspective of memory found in ‘things linked to the earth that recur periodically, confirming the permanence of mankind.’ For Ernaux, however, she finds ‘ the act of remembering can do nothing to reaffirm my sense of identity or continuity. It can only confirm the fragmented nature of my life and the belief that I belong to history.’ Duras’ The Lover seems to align more with Ernaux, particularly in the fragmented nature of the self as reflected by the narrative style, but also that the external self is a false self that does not serve as a reliable compass towards identity. It is more fit for social hierarchy and posturing, though she also finds this serves a purpose that the interior self cannot achieve. It is only late in life with a ‘ravaged face’ that she feels her external and internal self align more authentically. A moving and often devastating read, The Lover contains multitudes in its succinct space. It is no wonder this has become a classic work and Duras certainly demonstrates her exemplary prowess of prose and thought. 4.5/5 ‘And it really was unto death. It has been unto death.’ ...more |
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Feb 28, 2024
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1931357943
| 9781931357944
| 1931357943
| 4.41
| 103
| Dec 01, 1972
| Apr 13, 2005
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it was amazing
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Circle up for storytime, friends, today I’d like to tell the tale of French surrealist poet Robert Desnos and how he saved numerous lives with one fin
Circle up for storytime, friends, today I’d like to tell the tale of French surrealist poet Robert Desnos and how he saved numerous lives with one final surrealist joke. Its a story I think about quite often and find very moving amidst the tragedy of it all. To begin, Desnos was starting off a career in journalism and publishing poems right around the height of the dada movement. In 1919, fellow poet Benjamin Péret introduced Desnos to the Paris Dadaists, most notably André Breton who would become the founder and chief theorist of the Paris surrealists. Desnos and Breton would have a falling out over Desnos’ distaste for Breton’s appeal to communism in surrealism, but would continue to be a principal literary figure in the movement working on concepts like automatic writing and a career in radio beginning in 1932 while publishing articles on jazz, politics and many poems, novels and screenplays. He became close with writers such as John Dos Passos and Ernest Hemingway. When France fell under Nazi occupation during World War II, Desnos would become an active member of the Resistance espionage network Réseau AGIR, collecting vital information and obtaining false papers for those trying to flee. He was arrested on February 22nd, 1944 by the Gestapo and sent to Auschwitz, later transferred to Buchenwald and ending up in a camp for political prisoners in Terezín in occupied Czechoslovakia. There are several eyewitnesses with variation on the story, but the basis is that Desnos was loaded onto a truck with many other prisoners and taken to the gas chambers. As they waited in line, Desnos began going up and down the line doing palm readings, becoming increasingly animated as he did so. “A long lifeline with many grandchildren,” he would tell people standing minutes from execution, “a successful business after the war,” to another, “a long lifeline with good health,” and so on. Desnos’ high-spirited antics began to take hold of the other prisoners, who began cheering with each palm-read prophecy and becoming more and more boisterous. Breton once described Desnos as always having “wild eyes” when worked up, and the sight of these people condemned to death and moments from the gas chambers so disturbed the guards that they couldn’t take it anymore, loaded the prisoners up and took them back to the camps. The allies weren’t far from their position and they needed to flee anyways. Desnos antics saved their lives and they would soon be liberated, headed into a future that was almost denied as if fulfilling the prophecies he found etched in the lines of their palms. All of them except for Desnos that is. A month after the camp was liberated, Desnos passed from typhoid. He spent his final days under the watch of a Czech medical student named Josef Stuna who recognized Desnos due to having been a fan of Breton’s novel Nadja in which two photos of Desnos appears. It is even said that during his time in the concentration camp he filled several notebooks with poetry, though those notebooks were lost and likely destroyed during the liberation. Yet his legacy lives on, his poems have been widely translated and his spirit continued with all the lives he saved on that fateful day when he stalled the execution. I love this story though the end is rather sad. It is a true testament to the power of artistic expression, that even starring death in the face Desnos put on a performance that would quite literally save their lives. It is like a fairy tale that truly happened. It is poetry in motion, or to make oneself a living poem. And now for some Desnos poetry. Epitaph lived in those times. For a thousand years I have been dead. Not fallen, but hunted; When all human decency was imprisoned, I was free amongst the masked slaves. I lived in those times, yet I was free. I watched the river, the earth, the sky, Turning around me, keeping their balance, The seasons provided their birds and their honey. You who live, what have you made of your luck? Do you regret the time when I struggled? Have you cultivated for the common harvest? Have you enriched the town I lived in? Living men, think nothing of me. I am dead. Nothing survives of my spirit or my body. I’ve Dreamt of You So Often I've dreamt of you so often that you become unreal. Is there still time to reach this living body and to kiss on its mouth the birth of the voice so dear to me? I've dreamt of you so often that my arms used to embracing your shadow and only crossing on my own chest might no longer meet your body's shape. And before the real appearance of what has haunted and ruled me for days and years I would doubtless become a shadow. Oh the shifts of feeling. I've dreamt of you so often that it is doubtless no longer time for me to wake. I sleep standing, my body exposed to all the appearances of life and love and you, who only count today for me, I could touch your forehead and your lips less easily than any other lips and forehead. I've dreamt of you so often, walked, spoken, slept so often with your phantom that perhaps all that yet remains for me is to be a phantom among the phantoms and a hundred times more shadow than the shadow which saunters and will saunter so gladly over the sundial of your life. ...more |
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| 4.24
| 4,258
| Nov 10, 2021
| Oct 17, 2023
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liked it
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With equal parts humor and heartbreak, French artist and writer Pénélope Bagieu revisits scenes from across her childhood and into early adulthood in
With equal parts humor and heartbreak, French artist and writer Pénélope Bagieu revisits scenes from across her childhood and into early adulthood in the warm and charming graphic memoir Layers (translated from the French by Montana Kane). Very episodic and bouncing back and forth along the coming-of-age timeline, the Eisner Award winning artist invites us along to experience the ups and downs of life, from first loves and losses, embarrassing experiences, hardships and successes, looking back to discover the tiny narrative arcs we can spot in our lives in hindsight. While this is a bit wandering it is also funny and often rather moving, and Bagieu shows stunning vulnerability and self-awareness here, making this an amusing reflection on the moments that amalgamate into the people we are as adults. Layers is a quick read that manages to hit a wide variety of emotions along the way. Composed of rather short, episodic narratives, Bagieu’s rather reflective narration arranges the events into a sort of learning lesson for herself, though often one she didn’t realize at the time and can only see now. I really enjoyed the story about learning to ski and how much the bear pin she was given upon completing the class gave her incredible confidence to want to tackle other skills and be the best. She would later learn that it was a consolation pin given to the worst student in the class (everyone else got snowflake pins) but by then it was already a great lesson about believing in yourself: ‘It gave me permission to dare to do stuff.’ A lot of these stories have a similar tone, making the best out of bad situations or realizing later how much something meant that, at the time, hardly seemed significant (such as bad boyfriends showing major red flags). Though not all the stories are funny, even the saddest of them are heartwarming. The story about the life of her first cat, which opens the book and is easily a highlight, for instance, or the death of her grandmother, are both handled in rather touching ways. On the flipside, some of the most uncomfortable ones like awkward relationships or going solo to a concert because she has a crush on the musician only to have to end up hanging out with his girlfriend, will have you laughing along. Bagieu can laugh at herself and it just makes you like her all the more, and this becomes a great little collection of stories on girlhood. While I was reading this, I was told a patron complained and asked us to move this to the Adult collection instead of the Teen collection (the intended audience of the book). Interestingly enough, the complaint about a scene with nudity (very not-detailed cartoon boobs appearing on a tv screen) appears in a fairly funny bit about hypocrisy: the grandfather find the Bagieu and her sister looking at tampon instructions to be inappropriate but then watches a topless woman dance on tv (to which it is noted this was just…a normal thing on the French National News in the 80s). So in a way, the patron complaint just felt like an extension of this scene and also reminds me that the US is still very uptight about bodies in ways that just seem laughable. Anyways, Layers is a rather delightful little graphic memoir. A quick read, with a loose art style that isn’t anything special but gets the story across quite efficiently, and one that I enjoyed quite a bit. 3.5/5 ...more |
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Dec 13, 2023
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3.65
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liked it
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‘Is it a disaster? Or only life?’ The color green is often symbolic of growth and new beginnings, though it can also express envy or jealousy as well. ‘Is it a disaster? Or only life?’ The color green is often symbolic of growth and new beginnings, though it can also express envy or jealousy as well. I enjoy dynamic, multi-functional symbols because, like so much in life, you can detect a sense of meaning but in many ways they evade easy categorization. Or like the sirens that blare in the middle of the night to the confusion of the apartment dwellers during Marie NDiaye’s often elusive Self-Portrait in Green we find ‘We don’t know, we’ve forgotten, how to interpret it.’ But still it seems it must point toward something, such as the various women in green that appear throughout this short novella, sometimes a symbol of growth (former best friend turned woman in green that marries her father and is frequently mentioned as expanding in size while her father shrinks), or envy (the woman in green who married a friend’s former lover), or sometimes ‘a kind of green woman I haven’t yet come across,’ where wearing green isn’t a requirement for being a woman in green. An ambiguous autofiction—it is the product of NDiaye being asked to write a memoir—the self-portrait of the title seems to become one less centered on the self and more the self in-relation-to the various women in green that cross her path. Told through scattered diary-esque entries ranging from 2000-2004 and written in a way that captures a surreal unease (beautifully captured by Jordan Stump in a PEN Award-winning translation), Self-Portrait in Green is an elusive and thought provoking little novella. ‘Again the ambiguity, the groping, the unanswered questions about all this green.’ I came to this curious novella by way of Amina Cain discussing the visual quality of the tale, and having read and enjoyed NDiaye’s That Time of Year, I figured she was worth another read. I’m glad I did, and while this book may seem a bit frustrating to some—not unlike That Time of Year the events feel protentous yet obfuscating with something rather off creating a rather unsettling feel—it is one that is best enjoyed by letting it wash over you and feeling companionship with the narrator through your shared uncertainty. A book built on amalgamating details instead of plot, it opens on a scene of impending disaster with a river potentially about to overflow (the river, she observes, is distinctly feminine for this) and this sense of dread is carried through each vignette. Things never quite line up. A friend has a double who acts erratically, a strange object is running amok, a woman standing by a banana tree can’t be observed by the narrators children, or a woman who hangs herself is later witnessed in a grocery store. Everything is on the verge of existence and non-existence and we see how we, too, may be on such a precipice. ‘the belief in the infinity of possibilities, the illusion that you can forever start over again, that every mark made on you lasts a little while then ends up disappearing—all that we no longer have.’ What makes this book so intriguing is the refusal of any concrete center to pin the idea of a woman and green upon. She is instead an shifting symbol seemingly pointing towards a shared idea. She is sometimes an image of brute force, of disdain, and often an idea of for ‘not what was, but what should have been, could have been, had she only made some other choice way back then, and she regrets the choice she made, the path of sorrow.’ She is anywhere and can appear at any time, even after death because ‘how can you even die, simply that, when you live a life of stone, unchanging and immobile?’ Though perhaps the best singular impression of a woman in green is the author’s own mother, despite her not even being in green: ‘My mother is a woman in green, untouchable, disappointing, infinitely mutable, very cold, able, by force of will, to become very beautiful, and able, too, not to want to.’ The idea of giving a name to things, like the concept of a woman in green, seems to express the idea of having a power over something or at least a sense of control. Such as the mysterious dark object running around town that the narrator is asked by her children to say what it is—when she can’t she decides instead she hasn’t seen it. Self-Portrait in Green is strange, surreal, yet rather gorgeous and NDiaye has an excellent control over language meant to feel like losing control. Perhaps it is the very elusiveness that makes it so meaningful, because what is meaning but something we create as a narrative out of the chaos around us. It is a book that, I suspect, rewards close rereads and individual readers will likely find individual meaning within it. I am enthralled with the uniqueness of NDiaye’s works and how—like a woman in green—they haunt your mind for a long time to come. 3.5/5 ...more |
Notes are private!
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0300115466
| 9780300115468
| 0300115466
| 3.98
| 39,615
| 1946
| Jul 24, 2007
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really liked it
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‘There is no reality except in action’ Speaking of action, I’ve got some happening book action for you. Check this: taken from his lecture at Club Mai ‘There is no reality except in action’ Speaking of action, I’ve got some happening book action for you. Check this: taken from his lecture at Club Maintenant in Paris, in 1945, Existentialism is a Humanism is Jean-Paul Sartre’s rather succinct expressions of existentialism through a rebuttal of criticisms and an effort to examine key notions of his work such as ‘existence precedes essence.’ Sounds great, right? To tell the truth, I can’t help but imagine Sartre’s lectures as how he was satirically portrayed in Mood Indigo (Michel Gondry’s film adaptation of Boris Vian’s Froth on the Daydream): [image] Jean-Sol Partre, as he is named in the film, delivers his lecture above adoring fans standing in a smoker’s pipe that moves about the room, everyone hollering like are attending a rock concert as another character scrambles to take notes yelling that the lecture is difficult but worthwhile. I regret to inform you this book is not quite that level of uproarious excitement, but it is still a fascinating and highly intelligent analysis of a rather freeing and optimistic philosophy. ‘[N]o doctrine is more optimistic, since it declares that man’s destiny lies within himself.’ See? If you are looking for great introductory texts to French Existentialism, put this in your pipe and smoke it because it is an apt selection (Simone de Beauvoir’s What is Existentialism? as well). And get your pens ready to underline because I left nary a page unmarked as Sartre has such noteworthy, snappy phrasing (though neurobiologist Steven Rose would argue that Sartre’s writing was ‘more an exercise in political sloganeering than a sustainable philosophical position,’ in his book Lifelines: Biology, Freedom, Determinism) and the book is delivered in a rather welcoming and accessible approach (other than when he’s kind of a pompous ass, but in a cool way?). Unpopular book aesthetic opinion but, yes, I underline books and I write in the margins. I also dog ear them. I can hear some of you shrieking but, personally, I like the practice for when I need some quotes to write (like now) and I think it makes books look all edgy and kind of punk. It’s like you are getting your books tattooed. They’re taking a deep drag off a cigarette and saying in a throaty voice “yea I look rough but it’s because I’ve been loved--love hurts but it makes it all worthwhile.” and you are like woah reign it in a little bit, my friend, but I follow ya I think. Sartre would say you’re actions towards love are what you want to see in all humans and the meaning you have ascribed to life, so already we’ve learned a lesson from this book. Good work us, lets see what other treasure troves of knowledge we can discover! [insert bass-heavy show theme and a cartoon dog saying “Brought to you by PBS!”] ‘Man is not only that which he conceives himself to be, but that which he wills himself to be, and since he conceives of himself only after he exists, just as he wills himself to be after being thrown into existence, man is nothing other than what he makes of himself.’ You didn’t just scroll by that quote did you? Go back, read it again like it’s the first time. Pretty great stuff, and according to Sartre ‘that is the first principle of existentialism.’ We are learning up a storm in here. So what Sartre really wants to impress upon us is that people define meaning for themselves through their actions, which they are fully responsible for, and that through our action we also define the world. This is the idea that ‘existence precedes essence,’ which means that ‘man first exists’ by coming into the world, encountering themself and then thusly defining themself. To help illustrate, Sartre proposes we imagine a paper knife. Cool man, not a dated reference at all (think “letter opener” if you are struggling). He says that when it is built, it is made around with preconceived ideas of how it will be used, or that ‘production precedes essence.’ Humans, he argues, are the opposite. We ‘exist first,’ that we start fresh and blank and define ourselves through actions. Existentialists reject the idea of people being like a paper knife with god as ‘the artisan’, and following Friedrich Nietzsche stating that ‘god is dead,’ we have to consider the idea of an absence of god. Sartre splits existentialists up between two group, Christian existentialists (he cites Karl Jaspers and Gabriel Marcel) and atheist existentialsts, which he says includes Martin Heidegger and himself. We need to pause a moment because it’s important to note that Heidegger was not into Sartre writing this and did not want to be labeled an existentialist under Sartre’s definition of one. You may have heard about Camus refusing the categorization for his own varied reasons, but Heidegger often not being considered was actually news to me. He didn’t mind Sartre referring to him as an atheist, but rejected the label of existentialist under Sartre’s depiction of it. While both philosophers addressed the concept of Being, a very basic difference is how Heidegger questioned the meaning of Being, whereas Sartre examined different ways of Being in the world. There are many other differences, such as Heidegger argued life exists in a wholeness because of death, which allows for meaning, while Sartre thought this put too much emphasis on death and saw it instead as the endpoint to our ability to give meaning into our lives. About this book, Heidegger said he thinks Sartre ‘stays with metaphysics in oblivion of the truth of Being’ Anyways, where were we? Oh yes, atheist existentialists: ‘Atheistic existentialism, of which I am a representative, declares with greater consistency that if God does not exist there is at least one being whose existence comes before its essence, a being which exists before it can be defined by any conception of it. .... He will not be anything until later, and then he will be what he makes of himself…If God does not exist, are we provided with any values or commands that could legitimize our behavior.’ Sartre discusses how existentialism removes any universal code that applies a definite meaning and in its place ‘Man is nothing else but that which he makes of himself.’ We exist ‘only to the extent that he realizes himself, therefore he is nothing more than the sum of his actions, nothing more than his life.’ We are what we do, what we become, and there is no external force or invisible eternal being dictating this in Sartre’s eyes. But this isn’t strictly a dismissal of the possibility of god but merely that ‘if God were to exist, it would make no difference,’ and belief in a god or not is irrelevant when the issue is that people must discover themselves and nobody can save them but themselves. So where Jean-Paul would tell us that we are defined by actions, Jean-Luc would tell us to “make it so.” ‘It is a doctrine of action,and it is only in bad faith—in confusing their own despair with ours—that Christians are able to assert that we are “without hope.”’ Sartre dispels the common criticisms levied at existentialism as a pessimistic philosophy, arguing that it is the critics who are the true pessimists. He argues that claims existentialism discourages people from actions and only focuses on the darker parts of life is intentionally misunderstanding that ‘only hope resides’ in the actions of an existentialist as it is action creating all meaning. He also refutes that the philosophy rejects responsibility for humanity, saying existentialism is a commitment that each person is ‘responsible for myself and for everyone else,’ that in ‘choosing myself, I choose man’ because when we choose our actions we choose what believe good and believe that reflects what is good for humanity. I see what he’s getting at here, and it’s not my favorite of his points. This will later be important in his discussion on choosing actions that support freedom and freedom for everyone, which I believe Beauvoir does a much better and more detailed discourse on in The Ethics of Ambiguity. More on this in a bit. ‘We seek to base our doctrine on truth, not on comforting theories full of hope but without any real foundation.’ Still with me? Still learning? Because now we get some key terms! Sartre launches into a discussion on three terms and his definitions for them: anguish, abandonment, and despair. I know, I told you this was an optimistic philosophy but hold on, let’s see what he means by them. Here is his definition for anguish : ‘a man who commits himself, and who realizes that he is not only the individual that he chooses to be, but also a legislator choosing at the same time what humanity as a whole should be, cannot help but be aware of his own full and profound responsibility’ We were basically just talking about this, but now with the emphasis on responsibility that what we choose as our actions should be what we believe would be what everyone should also be choosing. He briefly discusses the issue of actions such as Abraham in the Bible via Søren Kierkegaard’s Fear and Trembling and that just because Abraham heard a voice, it was his responsibility because he chose to listen when that voice could have also been a demon or hallucination. We have to own up to our actions, basically, and all actions are our interpretations of symbols and events, but ultimately our choice. Next is abandonment which Sartre explains ‘we merely mean to say that God does not exist, and that we must bear the full consequences of that assertion,’ and that it is ‘we, ourselves, who decide who we are to be.’ Basically everything we’ve been discussing. He cites Fyodor Dostoevsky’s famous line from the The Brothers Karamazov ‘if God is dead, everything is permitted,’ and calls it a starting point of philosophy, though personally I much prefer Beauvoir’s arguments against this asserting life is not a nihilistic free-for-all and existentialism can, in fact, provide an ethic for positive and productive living. Finally we reach despair. Don’t get too excited. Despair means we have to reckon with only what depends on our will. ‘When Descartes said ‘Conquer yourself rather than the world’, what he meant was, at bottom, the same – that we should act without hope.’ Which sounds bleak but basically he’s saying we cant rely on anything outside our control but that this shouldn’t cause us to abandon action because there is no reality except in action. ‘Life is nothing until it is lived.’ One of my favorite discussions in this book, however, is his metaphor of a person like a painting, or ‘that moral choice is like constructing a work of art.’ We can’t judge a painting before it has begun or even before it is finished, we don’t know what it is yet to be, and the act of painting is like our actions that define us. ‘We are in the same creative situation.’ he says. ‘What are and morality have in common is creation and invention’ I also enjoy his assertions on how we are ‘obliged to will the freedom of others at the same time as I will my own. I cannot set my own freedom as a goal without also setting the freedom of others as a goal.’ Those who do not will the freedom of others are acting in bad faith (this comes up a lot, and he argues we can judge people who act in bad faith). Though, as I said earlier, this is better addressed in The Ethics of Ambiguity and I would encourage any of you to read that. But finally we reach why he believes existentialism is a humanism, a ‘existential humanism.’ Here’s what he means by that: ‘This is humanism because we remind man that there is no legislator other than himself and that he must, in his abandoned state, make his own choices, and also because we show that it is not by turning inward, but by constantly seeking a goal outside of himself in the form of liberation, or of some special achievement, that man will realize himself as truly human. He argues this is different than a definition that all humankind is inherently valuable, and that this is cultish and that because ‘man is constantly in the making,’ there is no defined ‘humankind.’ His definition is that people act towards goals and values outside themselves in order to make something meaningful out of their existence in relation to the world. He calls this humanism because ‘the only universe that exists is…the universe of human subjectivity.’ This is an interesting book and a really nice primer for both Sartre’s philosophies and existentialism itself, though I would encourage anyone to also read more than just this as each philosopher had different opinions and often disagreed with each other (there is a great Q&A session in this book that offers some discussions and Sartre getting flustered). I like a lot of what he says, I wish he didn’t gender everything as man, but it was the times and translator, thats what it is. I also quite enjoyed his essay on Albert Camus’ The Stranger, which he says is a great representation of the absurd and is a comical book, as well as compares the writing style to Ernest Hemingway. This is a nice volume with a lot of big ideas to grapple with, though it is a rather accessible introductory book and will make for a nice cozy evening of existentialism. Because it’s about to be Hot Existentialist Summer, you’ve been warned. ⅘ ‘This is what I mean when I say that man is condemned to be free: condemned, because he did not create himself, yet nonetheless free, because once cast into the world, he is responsible for everything that he does.’ ...more |
Notes are private!
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Paperback
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1953861504
| 9781953861504
| 1953861504
| 3.97
| 6,409
| 2012
| Feb 07, 2023
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really liked it
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‘[H]e’s no beggar, no victim, he’s just like her, he’s running away, that’s all.’ There’s something about trains that makes them a perfect catalyst for ‘[H]e’s no beggar, no victim, he’s just like her, he’s running away, that’s all.’ There’s something about trains that makes them a perfect catalyst for a thriller. Lumbering across the landscape like a plotline, there is a flattening of social class in these confined spaces carrying strangers from one place to another. Each person is a mystery to the others and the simple act of traveling makes us wonder where are they going or, perhaps, what are they running from? Spanning 9,289 kilometers, the Trans-Siberian Railway is the world’s largest rail system and an ideal setting for a literary thriller which French author Maylis de Kerangal brings to life in her tense novella Eastbound. Twenty year old Aliocha, having been unable to swindle or seduce his way out of Russian military service, is desperate to desert and finds unlikely aid in Hélène, a French woman with her own reasons for running away from Siberia. Across beautiful landscapes the odd pair are stressed and tested by language barriers and the threat of detection, as Kerangal’s gorgeous prose piles words upon words with a frenetic energy building tension to a fever pitch. Eastbound will have you holding your breath and frantically flipping pages as this miniature drama of a hunted deserted plays out against the immensity of the ‘raw, wild, empty’ natural world. [image] The Trans-Siberian Railway passing Lake Baikal.’ For a short novel, Eastbound is an absolute feast of tone and tension. We find our characters moving with trepidation through ‘deserted corridors like gaping holes that snatch at them’, passed the threatening gazes of young conscripts spilling across the train in drunkenness and debauchery, and all is overseen by the big and beastly Sergeant Letchov, ‘sly as a threat,’ always cursing out violence and vitriol or threatening murder into his cellphone at his mistress. It transforms the hallowed history of the railway into an ominous and grimy space of confinement that feels even more restrictive juxtaposed with the vastness of the beautiful landscapes passing outside, the ‘woolly mauve wilderness,’ the ‘chasm and the sanctuary.’ Its all swathed in tension that feels like it might tear your sanity apart at any moment ‘as though the real was tearing apart under the pressure of a faint but immutable deviation, something far bigger, far stronger than it.’ I adore the way her prose stacks up with long, winding sentences like the words are a line of train cars being pulled around the contours of the novel. ‘ She’s helping me, yes, but she doesn’t trust me.’ Aliosha wants off this train. Unable to avoid conscription, his usually meek manners make him a target for the hazing and violence rumored to happen in the barracks and he has no desire for military life. After he is beaten by other conscripts, he is determined to flee. His tepid relationship with Hélène, a foreigner riding in a sleeper cabin further up the train, forms through a wordless connection neither quite understand, completely unromantic yet bound by an ineffable mutual understanding they are both people wanting to flee. Even she can only guess at her own motivations, and often regrets them while still determined to help. ‘ this sordid scenario where she gave herself the lucky draw, proclaimed herself the hero, the stranger who descends from the sky, saves you and then slips away, ready to rack up self-convincing statements – I did my utmost, I did all that I could – all the while knowing she’s incapable of believing it: the worm of guilt is already lodging itself in her gut.’ While the action is more centered around Aliocha, it is Hélène who draws the most interesting existential probings of the novel. She who has just fled from a Russian lover she describes as ‘magnificent’ and has been deeply in love with but sometimes wonders if the attractions was because he was ‘from the forbidden country.’ When he is sent to work in Siberia, he finds himself reunited with his heritage and enamored by it while she feels ‘out of place, out of her own climate, her language, blind and deaf she would say over and over, laughing, and alone.’ The reasons for her departure are a mystery even she is trying to fully understand, making for a perfect scenario for this partnership of desertion. [image] Trans-Siberian Railway Route, with our characters heading to Vladivostok Language is key to Eastbound, and the layer of translation—brilliantly executed by Jessica Moore—seems to actually enhance the experience. The text is seasons with Russian or French words left untranslated that emphasize the language barrier between Aliocha and Hélène, and there are frequent passages that unpack the elements of culture inside language. There is a marvelous moment where her Russian lover leaves a voicemail and his descriptions of the textures of language bring to mind the textures of the landscape: ‘You must be near Irkutsk by this time and, strangely, I like knowing you are that city--the "a" dark and deep, nearly a closed "0," the warm vibration of the "r”, rolled in the base of his throat; my love, soon you will see Baikal, make sure you leave the door of the compartment open, you can see the lake from the corridor for a full half hour, make sure you don't miss it, it's a treasure for the Russians, the country's pearl, but for me, for us, the men of Siberia, it's simply the sea--the labials that linger, the dentals that collide, the light hiss of saliva under the upper lip--yes, I said "us, the men of Siberia," I'm rediscovering my country, Hélène, and I am happy…’ Brilliantly, Kerangal makes identity, language and landscape all seem to mold into one, something that is always an undercurrent in this tale of desertion and the ways characters are fleeing situations incongruent with their identities. As much as Eastbound is a thriller—the gripping conclusion had me at the edge of my seat as the story teeters on the precipice of chaos and disaster—it is also a deeply introspective novella and a loving examination of the natural world within which all our epics in miniature unfold. Maylis de Kerangal is an exquisite writer that excels at tone while also training her prose upon the story like a documentarist chronicling the events. Eastbound is a short, faced paced thrill ride across Russia and I will most certainly embark on other journeys through Maylis de Kerangal’s literary landscapes again. 4.5/5 ‘ the dawn raising up the forest at full tilt, lifting each trunk to vertical, the bluish underbrush perforated by rays charged with a carnal light, the taiga like a magnetic cloth, modulated to infinity by the new thickness of the air.’ ...more |
Notes are private!
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Apr 08, 2023
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0061440795
| 9780061440793
| 0061440795
| 3.72
| 56,613
| Mar 15, 1954
| Jun 17, 2008
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it was amazing
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‘My love of pleasure seems to be the only consistent side of my character.’ ‘They were careless people,’ Nick says at the end of Fitzgerald’s The Great ‘My love of pleasure seems to be the only consistent side of my character.’ ‘They were careless people,’ Nick says at the end of Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, ‘they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together.’ Having Bonjour Tristesse by Françoise Sagan described to me by my partner as achieving more successfully what Fitzgerald set out to do in that scene, I knew I had to read it. And I am grateful I have as Bonjour Tristesse is a startling achievement in capturing the carelessness Nick describes but from the interior life of a teenage girl as a portraiture of youthful amorality and yearning for an unbridled existence. ‘I realized that carelessness can govern our lives,’ Cécile, our teenage narrator confesses, ‘but it does not provide us with any arguments in its defense.’ Told as a reflection on the events years down the line, this a tangled web of desires with Cécile pulling the strings in a complex plot to retain her and her widower father’s hedonistic lifestyles. Since ‘all plots tend to move deathward,’ as Don DeLillo would later write, and with the sense of regret in the narration lending a foreboding air, one can deduce they are watching a slow-motion car crash. St in the amorous summer heat along the French Riviera, Bonjour Tristesse is an infectious, psychological coming-of-age tale that will have you eagerly riding along feeling complicit in this web of passion and plotting run amok ‘For what are we looking for if not to please? I do not know if the desire to attract others comes from a superabundance of vitality, possessiveness, or the hidden, unspoken need to be reassured.’ Published when the author was 18 years old—only a year older than her character, Cécile, leading to speculation of autobiographical element—Bonjour Tristesse was an instant and scandalous splash in the French literary world, with accusations of unscrupulousness and moral frivolity in this novel of sexual coming-of-age and disillusionment making it all the more alluring. As the Times reported in 1955 that ‘famed Roman Catholic novelist, François Mauriac, said the book was clearly written by the devil, and that did not harm its sales.’ Born Françoise Quoirez, she adopted the name Sagan in homage to her literary hero Marcel Proust’s Princesse de Sagan, she would go on to write numerous books, though none that ever quite matched the success of Bonjour Tristesse. The title of which is inspired by a Paul Éluard poem which opens the novel. [image] From the 1958 film adaptation with Jean Seberg, Deborah Kerr, and David Niven Still, this novel of teenage amorality strapped to a roller coaster of passions and the manipulation of love affairs opened the doors to many novels we have today. During my enthusiastic time reading the novel, I kept declaring that without Sagan we would never have had Sally Rooney. Not that Sagan has a detached style the way Rooney’s can be, quite the opposite really as Cécile’s narration is full of poetic emotional intensity as her moods rise and fall abruptly in response to her situations. In a way there is a kinship with the writing in Osamu Dazai’s Schoolgirl , which also positions the narrator as responding to their social environment. ‘Oh what a tangled web we weave When first we practice to deceive.’ - Sir Walter Scott When Anne, a friend of Cécile’s deceased mother, comes to stay along the Riviera with Cécile and father, she quickly pushes aside the father’s young lover Elsa and the two plan to marry. Despite her massive respect for Anne’s intelligence and ability to look down upon even the wealthiest of playboy socialites, Cécile sees the impending marriage as an intrusion into the carefree existence her and her father lead (not to mention a sense of jealousy over her father’s affections) and plots to break them up. She arranges her own lover, Cyril, to playact romance with Elsa to make her father jealous and shake Anna aside in order to continue her life of luxury without rules and pleasure without restraint. ‘I would be influenced, re-oriented, remodelled by Anne,’ she fears and fears the thought of her life changing. She finds herself quite fond of a quote by Oscar Wilde that reads ‘sin is the only note of vivid color that persists in the modern world,’ and aims to embed it in the way she lives her life. ‘I made this attitude my own with far more conviction, I think, than if I had immediately put it into practice. I believed I could base my life on it…I visualized a life of degradation and moral turpitude as my ideal.’ It is a youthful desire, an aspect of the novel Sagan so perfectly leans into with a lot of self-awareness for being a teenager herself at the time or writing. While the critics of the book chastised Cécile for hedonism, her and her father—who she admits is a libertine—likely points to a bit of post-war cultural context and the emphasized valuation of freedom. France had occupation and filled with a spirit of resistance and a yearning to be free. Cécile would have grown up hearing idealized stories of heroism towards liberation, finding empowerment in a struggle against restraints and finding ‘The freedom to choose my own life, to choose myself.’ Oh her father she thinks, ‘a break-up would be less painful to him than having to live a well-ordered life,’ and this statement is the heart of her desires to be unshackled from orderly natures of rules and ‘proper upbringing’ in order to retain a wild, amoral freedom that she has built her sense of self around. ‘it was for this I reproached Anne: she prevented me from liking myself. I, who was so naturally meant for happiness and gaiety, had been forced by her into a world of self-criticism and guilty conscience, where, unaccustomed to introspection, I was completely lost. And what did she bring me? I took stock: She wanted my father, she had got him. She would gradually make of us the husband and step-daughter of Anne Larsen; that is to say, she would turn us into two civilized, well-behaved and happy people’ The tragedy at the center of this story is that Cécile does in fact respect and appreciate Anne otherwise and had been excited by her coming. The two often get along, with Anne having played a big part in her upbringing and Cécile vacillates between earnestly wanting to live up to Anne’s expectations and wanting to rend the whole affair asunder. ‘How difficult she made life for us through her dignity and self-respect,’ she fumes. ‘I was not at the age when fidelity is attractive. And of course, I knew little of love: the meetings, the kisses, the weary aftermath.’ There is also an intriguing regard towards love in the book, with Cécile still young and naive as she pursues the older Cyril. French culture has an international association with romance, stemming from the depictions of love from the troubadours, the way poets like Charles Baudelaire emphasized the way art feels emotionally, and the history of French literature depicting feelings as instinctual over logical and love in ways it can exist outside of marriage, and one would not be out of line to refer to this novel as feeling, well, very French as those who had read it before me spoke of it. Love is very central to this story, but Cécile is more of a rambunctious tourist into it than anything else. There is a comedic element to the way Cyril, several years her elder (making it ideal to play act as Elsa’s partner) feeling guilty that he could have ‘had his way with her’ and being proud to tell her he resisted for her sake while Cécile is thinking more along the lines of ‘what the hell man, just take me’. The relationship dives through some interesting corkscrews in this emotional roller coaster of a novel. She even considers how she ‘had given myself to him because I knew that if I had a child, he would be prepared to take the blame,’ which is one of the many signs of her carelessness that she believes anyone but her should clean up her mess. Sagan’s self-awareness makes this book work so well, with Cécile often shown as naive and arguing bad points Anne dismisses as ‘fashionable’ where even Cécile has to admit she is correct. Not that Cécile will ever repent, which is a major aspect of the novel. And it isn’t that she isn’t intelligent, quite the contrary, though she has no refinement and allows herself to be blown about at the mercy of her passions and flights of fancy. She is also cunning, realizing and finding ‘intense pleasure of analyzing another person, manipulating that person toward my own end.’ Sagan’s capturing of youth and the cruelties one can commit when they react from a place of reactionary emotional discomfort reads quite well and occupying Cécile’s headspace makes it easy to be swept along in the story. ‘ I have known boredom, regret, and occasionally remorse, but never sorrow,’ Cécile tells us but also admits ‘today it envelops me like a silken web, enervating and soft, and sets me apart from everybody else.’ Told somewhere down the line after the events of this story, we know right away that something will go awry and wait with baited breath the whole book to find out exactly what it is. It captures what Fitzgerald was aiming at with Nick’s speech on the carelessness of those with high social standing, retreating back to their lives with others cleaning up the wreckage, and as the novel concludes we see Cécile and her father returning to their reckless ways. Cécile admits ‘I was relieved’ when nothing of the aftermath can held against her and she casts aside Cyril in order to return to her leisurely life of pleasure, much as Nick accuses Tom and Daisy of in Gatsby. However, being told through Cécile we also see that behind the pursuit of pleasure she still does feel pain and regret, with an acknowledgement to herself ‘that poor miserable face was my doing.’ Outwardly she has moved on with nary a scar to show for it, yet at night ‘that summer returns to me with all its memories,’ and we see her haunted by it, though able to snuff those feelings out like one of her cigarettes. Yet still she admits ‘bonjour, tristesse!’ (hello, sadness). Bonjour Tristesse is a wonderful portrait of youth, which is as brief as the novel at only 130pgs. Lovingly translated by Irene Ash, this book is infectiously written, pulling you through the ups and downs of Cécile’s moods much like the way she weaves her plot to break up love and set herself free. Beautifully constructed, this dark coming-of-age was an absolute delight. 5/5 ‘Now I had caught a sudden glimpse of the marvelous mechanisms of human reflexes, and the power that lies in the spoken word. I felt sorry that I had come to it through lies.’ ...more |
Notes are private!
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1
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Feb 16, 2023
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Feb 16, 2023
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Feb 16, 2023
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Paperback
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1583225749
| 9781583225745
| 1583225749
| 3.93
| 36,028
| 1991
| May 01, 2003
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it was amazing
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‘We were burning up a capital of desire. What we gained in physical intensity we lost in time.’ It is with a staggering brilliance and sublime prose th ‘We were burning up a capital of desire. What we gained in physical intensity we lost in time.’ It is with a staggering brilliance and sublime prose that Annie Ernaux is able to turn on a firehose of passion into her short works, leaving the reader overcome with emotion and flipping pages with the same feverish intensity as Ernaux describes herself in her recollections of the past. Simple Passion is a deceptively simple novel at 80pgs, but Ernaux manages to pack a seemingly endless flow of emotion into this story about an affair while also using it as a platform to discuss autobiographical fiction. As always, Ernaux harnesses a directness with words that pulls a fierce sense of passion with them, beautiful translated into English here by Tanya Leslie. ‘All I have done,’ she writes, ‘is translate into words…the way in which his existence has affected my life’ and she does so in a way that will certainly affect the reader and plant you directly into an understanding of her mind and manners during this period of time. Quick, gorgeous, and bursting with Ernaux’s enthusiasm and insights, Simple Passion is another reminder that even winning the Nobel Prize might not be enough praise for what she deserves. ‘[W]hen I began to write, I wanted to stay in that age of passion, when all my actions…were channeled towards one person.’ It is a simple enough story, covering the year of an affair with a married man—a Russian diplomat working in Paris and bears a ‘slight resemblance’ to a young Alain Delon—and a few reflections after it comes to an end. Yet, Ernaux manages to make it feel like it is a far reaching importance in a way that captures how this affair captured her entire being during the time. She says about the duration of the affair that ‘quite often I felt I was living out this passion in the same way I would have written a book: the same determination to get every single scene right, the same minute attention to detail,’ which makes sense to then which to capture the story and retell it in a way she hopes that ‘these pages will always mean something to me, to others too maybe.’ As with many Ernaux books, she separates from the idea of being purely memoir and this book is categorized by the publisher as fiction, though for those who are interested, her real, unfiltered diary entries from the time of this affair are published as Getting Lost, which appeared in English translation earlier this year. ‘I could experience only absence or presence.’ One this that comes across clearly in her works is that she is someone that feels emotion with her whole heart, body and soul. Simple Passion recounts, well, incredible passion and being ‘entirely at the mercy’ of these feelings. This full-being intensity is reflected as well in The Possession where she is completely driven by her obsessions, though her it is with a former lover’s new partner (not the same affair though as in this book). ‘I do not wish to explain my passion,’ she tells us, ‘that would imply that it was a mistake or some disorder I need to justify—I just want to describe it.’ Of the time during the affair she tells us ‘I behaved in an artificial manner,’ and ‘the only actions involving willpower, desire, and what I take to be human intelligence...were all related to this man.’ Anything not directly part of her ‘growing obsession’ she sees as something that is merely ‘a means of filling in time between two meetings.’ Anyone who has felt the intensity of love, especially young love, will likely be stirred by these feelings no matter how seemingly foolish, just as she realizes in this time how empathetic and empowered she is by all the stories of other women so immersed in their obsessions of love. She pushes aside anything that ‘prevented me from luxuriating in the sensations and fantasies of my own passion.’ In effect, he was her entire being during this period. ‘I measured time differently, with all my body.’ The book recounts her observations of herself during the time as well as those of him, though we actually learn very little about him and much more about how she felt because of him. We know he is married, he likes to drink, he is only ever referred to as ‘A’, and that there is a bit of a language barrier, but for the latter she enjoys it as it gives her, upfront, ‘the privilege of knowing what we all find out in the end: the man we love is a complete stranger.’ I enjoy the way Ernaux describes how even things like a mark on the carpet from a food accident are pleasing because it is a reminder of time spent with him. This is something most of us do, attach memories to mementos, and I find that eventually these objects become neither the object or the memory, but an interesting blend that is both but could no longer have meaning without the other. Her method of detailing the emotional resonance from events gives a more heartfelt impact than if she had focused on detailing the events instead. During the later parts of the affair, we see Ernaux grappling with the knowledge of time passing, memories and feelings fading, and how we always try and inevitably fail to swim upstream.He leaves, inevitable, back for Russia and we find the the deluge of emotions has now dried up into a somber state of insomnia and lacking a sense of purpose. Where once absence meant longing for the next meeting, now it merely means absence without a presence to come. I found it particularly moving when she says that ‘the partly erased frescoes in Santa Croce moved me because of my story, which would come to resemble them one day—fading fragments in his memory and in mine.’ After a relationship ends sadly, often the idea that you’ll get over it is almost more painful, because at least you have the sadness attached to memories to keep you in that moment. The fading seems like a betrayal. ‘Living in passion or writing: in each case one’s perception of time is fundamentally different.’ ‘Throughout this period, all my thoughts and all my actions involved the repetition of history,' Ernaux writes, 'I wanted to turn the present back into the past, opening on to happiness.’ When revisiting places does not trigger this, she turns to writing, something that figures as a life saving or life giving action in many of her works. This is also a favorite aspect of her books for me. Simple Passion tackles head on her fears of ‘people’s judgment and the “normal” values of society’ that can occur after publication, which she mostly dismisses in many others. But here she stresses over ‘having to answer questions such as “Is it an autobiography?” and having to justify this or that,’ and how this fear keeps many stories from people told. This is territory I’ve found Jeanette Winterson handles with expertise, insisting that even the books delving deeply into biographical details are simply fiction and that ‘Autobiography is not important. Authenticity is important. The writer must fire herself through the text, be the molten stuff that welds together disparate elements.’ Ernaux reaches her own conclusion tha stories must be told and this idea which is highly indicative of her work: ‘It occurred to me that writing should also aim for that—the impression conveyed by sexual intercourse, a feeling of anxiety and stupefaction, a suspension of moral judgment.’ So this is a great line, right? As time passes, she finds ‘the world is beginning to mean something again outside A’ but the pages of this book are a more permanent catalog of the passions and desires of their time together. She says they last with more emotion than, say, a bathrobe he once used she would cling to even once his scent has left, and through her fiction she is hope able to even ‘save the bathrobe from oblivion.’ It is a beautiful sentiment. What is interesting is that she says these are the fictional, polished accounts, but her writing manages to retain a rawness that strikes straight to the heart. ‘It is a mistake therefore to compare someone writing about his own life to an exhibitionist, since the latter has only one desire: to show himself and to be seen at the same time.’ Annie Ernaux is an absolute gem and I am once again blown away by how much power she can pack into these short snacks of remembrance. In such a little space she packs a whole cosmos of feeling, from passion to pain, and bestows it so elegantly and bravely upon the reader. While I found this one slightly less impactful than the previous ones I've read, Happening likely being the most, it was still a deeply emotive and moving experience. Through her reflections, she is able to learn more about herself and she passes that along to us as a lesson as well. Namely she learned people are capable of ‘ anything: sublime or deadly desires, lack of dignity, attitudes and beliefs I had found absurd in others until I myself turned to them,’ and that possibility is part of what makes fiction so essential. But most importantly she learned that, to add to all her ideas of what the word luxury means ‘is also being able to live out a passion for a man or a woman.’ I’d like to add another meaning, and that luxury is being able to spend time in the brilliant mind of authors like Ernaux. 5/5 ‘Now I was only time flowing through myself.’ ...more |
Notes are private!
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1
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Nov 25, 2022
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Nov 25, 2022
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Nov 25, 2022
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Paperback
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1583228551
| 9781583228555
| 1583228551
| 3.75
| 5,831
| Sep 2002
| Dec 02, 2008
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really liked it
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‘To give a title to the moments of one’s life, the way one does at school for literary passages, is perhaps a way to master them?’ When I first encount ‘To give a title to the moments of one’s life, the way one does at school for literary passages, is perhaps a way to master them?’ When I first encountered Annie Ernaux I was impressed and eager for more, but after the raw intensity that is The Possession I would perch beside her throne and hiss like a cat at anyone who would so much look at her sideways. Ernaux has such a strong, defined voice and personality that it feels as if it's always leaping out from the pages as if her own perfectly chosen words can’t even contain it. What she does best is occupy the space of an emotion and brilliantly map it out like a landscape; here she deftly maneuvers through feelings of jealousy and obsession that have taken hold of her, possessed her every being. ‘I was being inhabited by a woman I had never seen,’ she writes of the ‘Other woman’ with whom her former lover has now decided to live with and over the course of this slim book we witness her project the Other woman into all the women around her as she obsesses with discovering her identity. Brimming with emotional intensity, yet restrained and almost clinical in her examinations of them, The Possession is a sharp book that will sear right into you as she opens the doors to interrogate herself at her most vulnerable and insecure, all while demonstrating the healing power of writing. ‘The strangest thing about jealousy is that it can populate an entire city - the whole world - with a person you may never have met.’ Ernaux’s The Possession manages to be a sweeping portrait restrained into a singular idea and series of events. Framed as being written years later, reflecting upon the past, it opens as her younger lover, with whom she had a lengthy affair, has moved in with another woman and sets the new terms of their friendship. She had been hesitant to commit after divorcing and now he has moved on, once again with a woman older than himself who he refuses to name. ‘This absent name was a hole, a void around which I turned in circles,’ she says as she becomes obsessed with thoughts of this woman and ways in which she could identify her. ‘It seemed to me that to put a name to this woman would allow me to construct, out of what is always awakened by a word and its sounds, a personality type: to hold an image of her—even if a completely false one—inside me. To know the name of the other woman was, in my own deficiency of being, to own a little part of her.’ There is a mutli-faceted idea of possession here, being possessed with wanting to track her down (as it’s own way of possessing her) and the jealousy of no longer being possessed by her lover as the Other woman now is. We see her mind spiraling, the ‘incessant de-coding’ of everything he says to her, her plans and actions of finding out more and obsessive internet rabbit-holes of information to put together an impression of her Other. ‘I discovered that these details by which society defines a person’s identity, which we so easily dismiss as irrelevant to truly knowing someone, are in fact essential,’ she writes, ‘they were the only way to…conjure up a body, a lifestyle; to construct the image of an individual person.’ Much like the way Ernaux examined all the external details of society to discover the shape of her shame in Shame , here Ernaux attempts to define the shape of the Other’s void with personal details. 'It was as if, in this neighborhood which I had filled with the other woman’s existence, there was no room left for my own.' While projecting the Other into every woman she encounters, she finds herself ‘an echo chamber for all pain everywhere,’ and ‘projected myself into all those who—crazier or more audacious than me—had in any way “blown a fuse.”’ A favorite moment is her sort of sick satisfaction in wonderinging--possibly hoping--her own behaviors will be some sort of cautionary tale men whisper in bars when discussing exes. There is a sense that she acknowledges the self-destructive urges that are slowly pulling her closer into action, but she finds a sense of power in them that she seems to find darkly delicious. She restrains herself, usually out of self preservation, but the book always feels teetering on the cliff of scandelous disaster. ‘Writing has been a way to save that which is no longer my reality—a sensation seizing me from head to foot, in the street—but has become “the possession,” a period of time, circumscribed and completed.’ Nothing satisfies and she becomes increasingly frustrated, thinking ‘But something more was needed, and I didn’t know where it would come from—from chance, from the outside, or from within myself.’ An aspect I loved is how she turns to writing as a sort of exorcism that removes the desires from the self and onto a page to share, be it a letter to her former lover or to us, the reader of this very book: ‘it is no longer my desire, my jealousy, in these pages—it is of desire, of jealousy; I am working in invisible things.’ While each page is a gem, it is when she discusses her own memoir mechanics that I was most enraptured by her brilliant mind: ‘I am writing jealousy as I lived it, tracking and accumulating the desires, sensations, and actions that were mine during this period. It’s the only way for me to make something real of my obsession. And I am always afraid to let something essential escape. Writing, that is, as a jealousy of the real.’ This is such an accurate look at what Ernaux seems to do with her autobiographical writing, reconstruction of the real in order to pass the emotional resonance directly into the reader while acknowledging that words are a flawed net with which we can attempt to define the shape of the reality that is forever eluding us as we are plunged forward by time. ‘The existence of this woman had become a reality, indestructible and atrocious. It was like a statue emerging from the mud.’ Short, easily read in a single sitting, but with a raw emotion that lands in blow after blow, The Possession is a real treat. Ernaux has such a gift of voice that makes these relatively plotless investigations of memory into gripping reads that engulf you. Needless to say, I will be reading many more. 4.5/5 ‘In the self-erasure that is the state of jealously, which transforms every difference into a lack , it was not only my body, my face, that were devaluated but also my occupation – my entire being.’ ...more |
Notes are private!
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1
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Oct 14, 2022
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Oct 14, 2022
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Oct 14, 2022
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Paperback
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1931883920
| 9781931883924
| B08CR9WRH5
| 3.19
| 642
| 1994
| Sep 08, 2020
|
liked it
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‘i've seen the fall, is this the price you have to pay?’ I’ve always found living in a summer town to be an apt metaphor for seasonal depression. Here ‘i've seen the fall, is this the price you have to pay?’ I’ve always found living in a summer town to be an apt metaphor for seasonal depression. Here on the lakeshore of Holland, Mi, we have quiet yet brutal winters of lake effect snow that suddenly burst into green and festivity with our spring Tulip Time festival when a revolving door of tourists flock into town and pack the streets until the end of the summer season. It is either sheer bleakness, or effervescent festivity that switches off and on like a lightswitch with the change of seasons. The well decorated French author and playwright Marie NDiaye, recipient of France’s highest literary honors--the Prix Femina and Prix Goncourt--illustrates life in a summer town as a cloying psychological horror in her 1994 novel That Time of Year. Translated by the wonderful Jordan Stump, NDiaye scratches at the idyllic surface of a French summer town to expose a Kafkaesque nightmare lurking beneath. This is a place where every congenial smile masks cruel intentions. A startling feast of atmosphere, That Time of Year examines a cloistered culture of strange traditions, oppressive surveillance and assimilation, and a hostility to outsiders all hidden behind the public persona of eminent hospitality. The story is fairly simple: Herman and his Parisian family have decided to stay one day beyond the August 31st end of summer holiday in their summer tourism town but his wife and child have gone missing. Overnight, the paradisal town has turned from warm and sunny to nearly unrecognizable in a sudden onslaught of cold, grey and rainy weather--‘that abrupt drop in temperature put the finishing touch on his terror’--and the jovial residents' hospitable nature has gone from charming to ominously predatorial as they smile at him while ignoring his plight of missing persons. ‘They smiled when Herman looked back,’ she writes of a rain-soaked Herman shivering his way through the downtown beset by merchants faces watching from store windows, ‘but only with their lips, an almost urbane smile, excessively revealing their teeth.’ The police have no interest in helping Herman, and anyone to whom he tells of his plight smile and listen intently, but show little interest in assisting him. Only a local bureaucrat Alfred, who once suffered the same predicament as Herman, offers to help, but with such overinterest it is alarming. ‘become a villager,’ Alfred tells him, warning him of the disdain the villagers have for Parisians, ‘invisible, insignificant’. This is the only way to see his family again, he is told, and thus begins a slow and subtle turning of the screw as Herman’s will is squashed in the oppressive atmosphere and strange charms of city officials in this tucked-away French village. ‘Most of the people around here didn’t like outsiders experiencing autumn, which was in a sense none of those outsiders’ business, maybe they thought the intrusion into their mysterious post-summer life indiscreet?’ NDiaye builds an atmosphere in this novel that gives a fever-pitch terror to the strange and elusive events that transpire. It reads like a nightmare, just adjacent to reality in its surreal depictions of the town. There is an enormous City Hall built under a hill with an elaborate mechanism of its multitudinous employees, the hostile hospitality that reads with a shiver, and the strange traditions that just evade explanation. All the women, for example, either wear the same apple blossom print blouse that binds their breasts in or the city worker uniform complete with an arrangement of ribbons signifying their relationship status. No ribbons ‘meaning you can talk to her in a certain way, and she’ll answer the same way,’ Alfred tells Herman in an unsettling and overly indulgent way that impresses upon the reader this is a patriarchal society (later doubled down upon when a case of sexual assault alleged against a step-daughter is deemed as negative to her character more so than his). It is a town where everyone is always watching, always judging, and the only way to keep going is to bend to their ill will. While written in 1994 (though not translated until 2020), which grants a timeless quality to the book where the lack of modern technology like easily accessible internet or cellphones is helpful in creating the sense that Herman has been shut away from the world, the ideas of surveillance that permeate the novel have become all the more relevant. There is no sense of private, personal space here and even locking one’s door is seen as indecent. Other villagers want to look into Herman’s room and to keep them out would be viewed as rude and trying to hide something. The whole invasive notion that surveillance--or even The Patriot Act here in the US--are only frightening if you have something to hide are depicted as the menacing, oppressive beasts they are. French philosopher Michel Foucault examines the social disciplinary society of the panopticon in his book Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Using Jeremy Bentham’s panopticon as it is used in prisons--a round room where everyone can view everyone else with a prison guard tower in the center. ‘the inmate must never know whether he is being looked at at any one moment,’ Foucault writes, ‘but he must be sure that he may always be so.’ Knowing he is always observed, and often surprised to learn Alfred has known about his whereabouts before he even returns to their hotel, Herman’s will to be an individual and an outsider begins to crack. The constant observation ensures his docility and compliance with their culture. In the modern world, we are always observed as well. And this doesn’t just apply to video surveillance, though face recognition software has become readily available and sold to police and military forces, but to the ways our online life puts us constantly in the public eye. We never know who is looking at our photos or data, or when, but we are fully aware that it is happening. Just notice how highly specific some targeted ads on a social media feed can be. In an era of Surveillance Capitalism where personal data has overtaken oil as the world’s leading commodity our online presence becomes a form of social engineering that responds to our actions in real-time and corralls us towards consumer behaviors desired by corporations (I completed a degree in this, its wild and terrifying stuff). Assimilation becomes the ultimate goal in this town, a flattening of personalities and otherness. Written by a Black woman, this adds an unspoken insidious element to a town described as entirely white and blonde (Alred has bleached his hair to fit in, but his ‘dark’ eyebrows and arm hair betray him--read into that as much as you will). As time passes, Herman forgets about life in Paris and even shakes in fear when--to accommodate Gilbert who wants to show him off as his ‘Parisian friend’ to gain social currency with a wealthy friend--travelling to the nearby town L. because he is afraid he is betraying the village. ‘[Herman] came to think that vitality is in no way a necessity, nor is a certain sort of happiness made up of varied activities, heart-felt affections, and a comfortable, discreet wealth...for the moment he was drawn to the possibility of an indolent but not ignoble, serenely oblivious degeneration.’ The town breaks people down and keeps them stuck within it like a void. The families of those who stay seem to roam the town like ghosts, not answering to their names as they look forlorn at the gloomy landscape like souls awash in purgatory. Despite their dislike for the high-manners and wealth of Parisians, upon whom their economy depends, the unnamed village has its own class system hinging on wealth. The merchants seem to cast a shadowy control over the town. ‘[T]he merchants of this place are a bad lot,’ Alfred warns, ‘dangerous, cunning, their tentacles go everywhere; they’re rich as kings but plead poverty.’ They hold the Mayor’s ear and he seems to be a puppet to the Chamber of Commerce. The inscrutable machinations of the city politics with their massive staff, hushed methods and disinterest in actually helping beyond faked smiles is what really takes this novel from seeming akin to the psychological horrors of Shirley Jackson right to Franz Kafka. Now if you were to describe a town like the one in this novel: an oppressive summer town full of fake hospitality but really a nightmarish culture of traditions, surveillance and run by a shadowy, dangerous merchant mafia, I’d say “oh, I know that town, it’s where i live in Holland, Mi”. This book hit me HARD in that regard. It is a town where the downtown is mostly owned by the mother of Eric Prince (you know, the war profiteer who operated Blackwater) and Trump’s Education Secretary Betsy Devos, and the white, upper-class feel to downtown is very sternly maintained (oh, they also own a mega-church here). There is a joke about ‘West Michigan Niceness’ and LET ME TELL YOU it is real. This is a place where people tell you they ‘will pray for you’ as a way of letting you know they hate you and all you stand for, and fake smiles are basically the local motto. As an outsider to Holland, having moved here ten years ago from across the State, I stuck out and people made sure to let me know and I basically had to assimilate and Herman’s scary slide--he is described as literally melting--into it all seemed a parody of what I see here. Also there is a sense that villages assume big city folks look down on them as some country bumpkins, which is also fairly true of Holland. And also just fairly true, I once worked for a coffee company in a nearby town where the owner from Chicago outright said it all the time. Anyways, the fake smiles hiding devious intent in the book really reminded me of West Michigan vacation towns, and honestly this book could be set here (fun fact, all the creepy ‘present day’ parts of Station Eleven is set on the southwest Michigan lakeshore where I am stuck living). NDiaye delivers an atmospheric treat with That Time of Year that will make anyone wary of overstaying their welcome on vacation. It was really charming to read this during the first week of September, when the novel is set, while also experiencing cold, rainy days while living in a town that reminded me so much of the book. It should be cautioned, however, that those who need resolution or to have major mysteries explained will likely not enjoy this book. At all. While it more or less thematically answers the big philosophical points of the book, the narrative is left pretty wide open. That sort of thing doesn’t bother me and honestly the abrupt end kind of really worked for me here. This is a book that would fit very well in the catalog of Dorothy Publishing Project but Two Line Press has done a really lovely job with it and I adore this compact hardbound edition. Also, this book has such great visual energy to the writing, you practically see the eerie film this would be perfect to make. Drawing on critiques of an oppressive surveillance culture, That Time of Year is a haunting delight that, while a bit sparse and swift, leaves a lasting impression. 3.5/5 ‘Because what did they know of the fall around here, what did they know of these people’s ways once all the outsiders were supposed to have left?’ ...more |
Notes are private!
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1
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not set
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not set
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Sep 14, 2020
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Kindle Edition
| |||||||||||||||
0802150268
| 9780802150264
| 0802150268
| 3.55
| 11,759
| 1928
| Jan 11, 1994
|
liked it
|
Be careful: everything fades, everything vanishes. Something must remain of us… What better way to see the essence of life fresh and anew than through Be careful: everything fades, everything vanishes. Something must remain of us… What better way to see the essence of life fresh and anew than through the eyes of a newfound friend. The world opens up as you turn down avenues you’ve walked by but never had reason to explore before, the language of life reveals new slangs and idioms of place and persons.Nadja by Andre Breton is the first surrealist romance novel and explores the surrealist movement through expression in the character Nadja’s unique way of existing in the word. Nadja—Léona Camile Ghislaine Delacourt (1902-1941)—is ‘the soul of limbo’ wandering through the streets of Paris in poverty like a leaf blown by the winds of chance, and becomes Breton’s muse over the course of their short-lived friendship. While Nadja will likely feel threadbare to a modern reader, it was a major work of early surrealist literature that gleefully captures the movement and passionately chronicles the night walk love affair between Breton and his muse. Breton wrote that Surrealism is a ‘pure state,’ by which one can channel through art ‘the actual functioning of thought...the superior reality.’ Nadja comes from Breton’s life experiences—though the validity of its heroine was once a topic of heated debate—and attempts to put forth his methodology. I insist on knowing the names, on being interested only in books left ajar, like doors; I will not go looking for keys.The novel has a very episodic feel, jumping through time on the platforms of anecdotes populated by friends of Breton. Robert Desnos¹, Paul Éluard and Man Ray (who also provides several of the many photographs in Nadja) frequently mingle in the text and Breton maps out his walks and outings through frequent mention of notable cafes and buildings to reinforce the reality of his tale by grounding it in the physical world through namedrop and photograph².The first portion of the novel is very diary-like, chronicling his average day to day activities working with his surrealist peers. The meetingi of the mysterious Nadja, however, is the explosive force that turns his world about and the catalyst of the novel’s heart. Nadja, as she names herself ‘because in Russian it’s the beginning of the word hope, and because it’s only the beginning’, is seen by Breton as a personification of his surrealist movement. Her lifestyle and actions that ‘approach the extreme limit of surrealist aspiration, its furthest determinant’ as she wanders about seemingly aimless but with a purpose of her own only accessible to her unique pattern of thought. She has incredible visions, extreme shifts in mood and what Breton sees as a free-spirited and unpredictable being. She unabashedly projects the essence of her being that pulls those around her into a surreal reality that shatters their conceptions of the world. Nadja reads like an early inspiration for the ‘manic-pixie-dreamgirl’ cliche that plagues twee coming-of-age novels and films. ‘Eccentricity’ could be a valid label for Nadja’s behavior, but also might bear a misleading connotation of negative aberration. True, her behavior does often position her in dangerous situations that land her in legal trouble, but mental instability and psychiatric investigation is not the intention of her character analysis. Breton does soon tire of her unpredictability and aloofness and after having a massive mental breakdown she is thrust into an asylum (the real Nadja died in the asylum, spending the last fourteen years of her life inside), but the impression of Nadja is one of beauty marvel. She sees the world for the magic in it, and if a consequence of this gift is to be socially inept ‘according to the imbecile code of good sense and good manners’ in the eyes of the masses, than Breton see’s it as worthwhile (if only a bit tiresome). ‘Unless you have been inside a sanitarium,’ he writes near the novel’s conclusion, ‘you do not know that madmen are made there.’ Her behavior and lifestyle is a rebellion against the code of the masses, a window into truth, and it is the resistance of such a pure truth by the masses that cages her into a label of insanity. To Breton, it is her removal from the life she both neglects and embraces that results in her downfall. It would be interesting to see a newer translation of this, or compare the translation to the original text. Perhaps it is the translator's work, or Breton’s himself, but the fluidity of prose is cumbersome. While lengthy sentences can ring like angelic melody with a careful streetlight system of punctuation, Breton’s sentences are overly punctuated and so stop-and-go with sentences within sentences offset with frequent comma usage that it feels like syntactical epilepsy. Breton did express an attempt at recreating the purity of realistic thought processing, but it seems overly clunky in its attempts. This, however, may be from having read authors writing much more recently (Joseph McElroy has a masterful control over stream-of-consciousness that replicates actual consciousness, for example) that have polished a more fluid prose. Reading Nadja for it’s historical value may very well be more rewarding than its poetic value, which is still quite a feat in and of itself. The novel flows a bit too much like a suffocating river, and is a bit bland, yet Breton still works magic on emotion and intellect. Nadja is alive and well through Breton’s work, ushering us with her intoxicating yet obfuscating behavior. While she is confirmed to have sprung from an actual person, perhaps the notion that she is more an embodiment of a way of being or a mood than flesh-and-blood is an equally rewarding viewpoint of the novel. Nadja is the sort of person that makes us smitten with characters in novels, knowing full well that they do not exist but falling in love with the essence of them, the constructs of ideas and ideals they represent. It is a pure love, one that exists by pushing reality to its extreme boundaries to enhance reality, much in keeping with Breton’s surrealism. Nadja is an important work, and one that also captures the reader’s heart. 3.5/5 ‘Beauty will be CONVULSIVE or will not be at all. ¹ To further highlight the essence of surrealism, there is a fantastic story of Robert Desnos during his imprisonment in the concentration camps that I discovered in an article about his life. One day Desnos is loaded onto a truck with other inmates and driven to the gas chambers. They depart the truck and begin walking in silent, single-file order when Desnos, as some sort of final surrealist joke, breaks from line, grabs the hand of a woman and starts reading her palm. Highly animated and jovial, Desnos declares she has a long life-line and evinces a joyful life full of good fortune. He goes from prisoner to prisoner bestowing each with the news of a long life-line and future success. His actions so disturb the guards as he so insistently and convincingly paints a new colorful reality of life and love onto the actual reality of drab and doom that the guards cannot continue with the execution and order the inmates back onto the truck. They head back to the camp and are never executed. ²Roberto Bolaño named Nadja as one of his sixteen favorite novels (published in Playboy Mexico) and the influence of Nadja is readily apparent through its anecdotal progression and insight into a reality of the essence of life found within the everyday reality. His novels use similar techniques where real experiences form the roots from which fiction is fed; Bolano also writes books like doors left ajar where a simple tracing of names and events reveals a room full of tangible history as an anchor for his fictional reality. ...more |
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‘There is nothing outside the text’ Much like an introductory lecture for a new course, How to Read Derrida serves as an engaging, general overview of ‘There is nothing outside the text’ Much like an introductory lecture for a new course, How to Read Derrida serves as an engaging, general overview of the many ideas examined by the great French philosopher Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) for those who will proceed into the actual works and words of the man. The final bit of that sentence is of utmost importance, as the nature of Derrida’s works makes it crucial to tackle the actual documents head on in order to reach for a more proper understanding. Having been advised against reading a ‘general overview’¹ for reasons that will be lighted upon shortly, this book was a beneficial preliminary study as I awaited the arrive of Derrida’s Writing and Difference in the mail, being a sort of basic lecture, a rough sketched map to assist in finding my bearings in the Derrida’s dense texts when I would finally be able to step through their intimidating gates.² In short, this book is a great way to know how to stay afloat when thrown into the deep end. The pitfalls of this book are made apparent in Derrida’s own theories. A blunt, unpolished summary of Derrida’s deconstruction would surround his denial of purity and that we can often decode a misplaced assertion of and ideal or purity in many arguments. These ideals are an argument’s undoing, and deconstructions serves as an intervention to expose these illegitimate ideals that a statement is built upon (I apologize that this is a very rough outline of ideas, however, a more in depth discussion will be better placed in a review of Derrida’s actual books, so bear with me. For a better outline, perhaps explore his Wikipedia article). Following this denial of purity would include the impossibility of any total understanding of Derrida’s works, or of any work for that matter. Passing from Derrida through Penelope Deutscher, who, to her credit, does a marvelous job of digesting such difficult topics and regurgitating them in an accessible manner, (and now through me to you) now presents an interpretation of an interpretation of a written interpretation of his ideas, picking up impurities and other personal reflections that taint the original message which was never pure to begin with. In effect, this book is a supplement to Derrida’s own works – supplement, mind you, connoting some sort of plentitude, which would imply there is some sort of deficiency in which this supplement wishes to complement. ‘Supplement’ is itself a term used by Jean-Jacques Rousseau that Derrida argues is an ‘undecidable’, which, in Deutscher’s words, ‘is a term…that does not fit comfortably into either of the two poles of a binary opposition…supplement is neither plentitude nor deficiency.’ Plainly speaking, although complete understanding of Derrida’s deconstruction is inherently impossible on the theories own grounds, any movement away from the original text takes us further away from understanding. However, it might be apparent that there are contradictions in the preceeding statement, as it would impose a sort of ideal upon Derrida’s original texts. You may be beginning to understand the complications of examining Derrida and the intensely self-conscious attitudes it imposes on anyone attempting to explain it. Now, as an 'undecidable' is a term between plentitude and deficiency, Derrida also heavily uses différence, an untranslatable term for something between presence and absence. It is a ‘kind of absence that generates the effect of presence. It is neither identity, nor difference. Instead, it is a kind of differentiation that produces the effect of identity and of difference between those identities’ (Deutscher). This idea stems from a critique on Ferdinand de Saussure’s Course in General Linguistics in which Saussure concludes that language is constructed of elements called ‘signs’ which appear to be present but are actually not and are only given meaning by their relationship with other signs. ’we discover not ideas given in advance but valuesemanating from the linguistic system…. [T]hese concepts are purely differential, not positively defined by their content but negatively defined by their relations with other terms of the system. Their most precise characteristic is that they are what the others are not’Derrida plays with these differential movements of language, showing how a term is never fixed and constantly ‘deferred’ through other terms (Deutscher gives an example lifted from Saussure of how the definition of a dog can send you endlessly leafing through a dictionary through the SEE ALSO: ‘s and to look up the definition of each word in the original definition, follow through any figurative uses of the word, etc.), making différence the 'infinite passages' between words. In short, identity is therefor an illegitimate ideal since any insistence of identity, any true difference, is actually just through a varying level of différence. In order to better understand a belief, we must then swap the binaries, make low what is asserted as high, and vice versa (a really interesting technique that is sort of like alternating from positive to negative connotations) in order to examine the différence between these ideas and expose how they are actually inseperable from one another (an example provided is that a racist culture seeing themselves as superior to another relies on a given relation with the ideas of the other culture. John Searle, among others, disliked such a technique, arguing that ‘one could argue the rich are actually poor and white is actually black’ based on these premises. One is rich on what grounds?, etc.) Which is essentially what makes a review of a work of this nature difficult, as it can only examine the différence implicit in what I relay to you, what Derrida can relay to you, and what Deutscher relays in her book. It leaves this review open to such penetrating critiques, however, I’ve taken a brief moment to examine those ideas at a purely surface and ultimately flawed level for the sake of discussing not why such a review is illegitimate, but as to overview how to discuss the why and what of the review. All that aside, there are things I truly enjoy about Derrida. A major cornerstone to Derrida is that he uses his theories to examine the works of others in an attempt to uncover some new or underlying meaning. Much of what he set out to accomplish in the initial stages has to do with his dislike for logocentrism. Derrida, in Of Grammatology, his groundbreaking work into deconstructionism that this books first few chapters primarily covers (another reason for choosing this book was to get an overview of Grammatology as a ‘supplement’ of my deficiencies in tackling W&D without having read that work first), examines Plato’s insistence on spoken word to be superior to the written word. Plato (and not just Plato – Saussure, among others, also heavily implied this belief, and Derrida’s opposition to Saussure on this matter could be looked at as a large player in his critiques on structuralism, however, I do not have the knowledge to fully explore that anytime soon) is shown as giving the spoken word up as some sort of ideal, and Derrida comments how this ideal is faulty and that many of the given deficiencies of the written word are also present in the spoken word. Another aspect I really enjoy of Derrida is the way he puts his theories to use in the social and political field, offering a view that exposes much illogical thinking, bigotry, and also lending a cautionary message to any sort of organization. Derrida, as presented by Deutscher, has a dislike for any assertion of identity, especially purity in identity of any given group (culture/political party/etc), and believes that any group must inevitably be forever split into smaller and smaller groups (a rejection yet assertion of individualism, however, carefully never reaching any ultimate purity) because all groups must have differing ideas at some level otherwise they run the risk of authoritarianism. His ideas have been used to explore gender, culture, politics, and can basically be applied to anything to help gain what he saw as a more realistic, centered and legitimate opinion. There are many examples provided for intervening in attacks or legislation against homosexuality, forcing one who takes such an opinion to really examine why they believe what they do and attempt to eventually break everything down to some impossible ideal that nullifies their argument (Derrida was a strong advocate of gay right, the feminist movement – although he cautioned that it could easily tip into the sort of misplaced thinking that it rallied against, and often spoke on behalf of difficult political topics). Another bit that I commend Derrida for is that he was not afraid to examine his own ideas through Deconstructionism, which lead to his beliefs being always modified. Deutscher brushes on the alterations of his political and cultural beliefs, particularly those concerning hospitality, mourning (death of close friends played into his deeper look at mourning), and legal justice. A reader should be cautioned that reading an overview of Derrida could give an inaccurate depiction of his ideas because they were always subject to alteration (thank you Nathan for cautioning me this way, even though I went ahead and read an overview anyways to produce a review full of contradictions. However, isn't Derrida about examining inevitable contradictions anyways?) What makes Derrida so wonderful to me is his method is a great defense, especially in touchy subjects. Following deconstruction, you can argue against something you disagree with without ever betraying your own opinion and instead critiquing what the other person is attempt to assert and exposing the faulty ideals present. It also seems to be a beneficial tool for teachers in a classroom, a method of playing devils advocate to force a student to really understand why they believe something and to challenge them to work for their opinions. This book is a great way to get your feet wet, however, it would be a great disservice to the ideas and to yourself to stop here and not proceed into Derrida’s works (although, once again, I admit to claiming some ideal while self-consciously admitting to it in order to distract – Derrida and DFW read at the same time causes an intense introspective spiral that is both lovely and frightening) . Deutscher does provide great quotes from Derrida to explore, yet this could have been done much, much more (especially as the introduction toots its own horn for using Derrida quotes to supplement their work [supplement their deficiencies! See, you learned something!]). All in all, a great brief introduction, a great set of notes to refer to when getting to the homework back away from the safety of accessible classroom-like explanation, and a great spring board to motivate yourself into a better linguistic awareness through Derrida. 3/5 ¹ Note the use of quotation marks around the words 'general overview'. Would, like in the discussion of Bergotte in Proust's Swann's Way, it show that I 'took care to isolate it in a tone of voice that was particularly mechanical and ironic, as though he had put it between quotations marks, seeming not to want to take responsibility for it, as though saying ['general overview'] you know, as it is called by silly people? But then if it was so silly, why did he say [it].' Hmmm... ² Or, perhaps, seeing as Dostoevsky's Underground Man is a bit of a literary 'anti-hero' of mine, did I simply do what I was advised not to do following human nature to do wrong simply because I can? ...more |
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‘A language might also be compared to a sheet of paper. Thought is one side of the sheet and sound the reverse side.’ -Ferdinand de Saussure Although De ‘A language might also be compared to a sheet of paper. Thought is one side of the sheet and sound the reverse side.’ -Ferdinand de Saussure Although Derrida comments how Saussure ‘vigorously excluded writing from language’, he also notes that Saussure still viewed paper as a viable metaphor for language. In Paper Machine, the heart of the essays revolve around paper as a multimedia device that works as an extension of language, and the implications of an online future with regards to paper. Comprised of both essays and interviews, the latter being something Derrida mentions disliking yet being roped into so often throughout the years that he has become used to them, Derrida covers several discussions on paper, as well as politics, immigration and French philosophy. Often difficult, and heavily reliant on prior knowledge of the many thinkers he references, this book offers a wonderful overview of many of Derrida’s lines of thought, as well as an interesting investigation into paper and all it’s various meanings. I first experienced Derrida my sophomore year in the course ‘Technology and Writing’ in which we examined the effects of technology – such paper, word processors, and different writing tools – on the written word and it’s construction. After reading a brief piece from Derrida detailing the alterations in Nietzsche’s thought and style when he moved from writing with pen and paper to using a typewriter (Derrida argues for a more direct, more immediate style and tone, as well as his writing becoming more concise), we were assigned to write several different sentences using any technology normally not associated with writing tools. I turned in a sheet of rock with ‘I am out of ketchup’ written on it in mustard and a picture of the words ‘This took me forever’ written out on the pavement with Skittles candy. The lesson was that different tools affected what we wrote and how we would say things; the more difficult it was to write something out tended to lead to shorter sentences. Derrida explores the implications of better technology by examining the process of writing on a computer. In his piece The Word Processor contained in this book, Derrida explains how typing on a computer is as if ‘an evil-genius, an invisible addressee, an omnipotent witness were listening to us in advance, capturing and sending us back the image of our speech without delay…. With the image rendered objective and immediately stabilized into the speech of the Other…a speech of the unconscious as well. Truth itself.’ When typing on a computer, as opposed to ink and paper, our thoughts materialize before our eyes almost at the instant we think them. He shows how such instantaneous response ‘pulls’ our thoughts forward, as if we complete our sentences and thoughts before our eyes before we even realized we have them in our head. ‘The figure of the text ‘processed’ is like a phantom to the extent that it is less bodily, more ‘spiritual’, more ethereal.’ He wonders how the philosophers of old would have been changed by such technology and marvels at the generations who will grow and think without even having not had the computer as their mental extension. He even jokes how bibliophiles will one day collect disks or thumb drives that have early drafts contained on them. While he acknowledges the power (even a sexual power) of a word processer, Derrida points out that everything comes back to paper. When we finish writing on a computer, we comment that it is ready for print, for publication, two terms with connotations to paper. It is as if all writing done on a computer cannot be separated from the idea of paper, we are always mindful of the ‘pages’ we have typed (even certain eBooks, paperless books, keep track of how many pages have been read. There must be someone trying to usher a paperless age by changing certain eBooks to note the percentage, yet they cannot escape paper as they still maintain a visual that reflects words on paper) and our word processors still adhere to paper stylizations of margins, spacing, etc. Even terms like ‘cut’ and ‘paste’ reflect the text as something physical instead of abstract. ’Paper echoes and resounds, subjectile of an inscription from which phonetic aspects are never absent, whatever the system of writing. Beneath the appearance of a surface, it holds in reserve a volume, folds, a labyrinth whose walls return the echoes of the voice or song that it carries itself; for paper alsop has the range or the ranges of a voice bearer. Paper is utilized in an experience involving the body, beginning with the hands, eyes, voice, ears; so it mobilizes both time and space. Despite or through the richness and multiplicity of these resources, this multimedia has always proclaimed its inadequacy and its finitude.It is interesting to see how paper has such a vast assortment of connotations. There are many positives, and Derrida points out that the word book, as in the Latin word liber which was a word for the bark that was used to make the paper that became a book, really designates the paper it is printed on. Paper also comes with a sense of being disposable, and has a multitude of negative connotations. A few that Derrida explores are that a broke promise or a broke signed allegiance becomes merely ‘bits of paper’, and armies numbers or monetary wealth are able to be discredited or at least reduced by referring to it as being ‘only on paper’, thus signifying an abstraction not related to a true fixture in reality. Paper has thousands of uses as well, for words, images, and even rolling papers, toilet paper and currency (his examples). Derrida argues that we will not be able to remove ourselves from our reliance on paper. He even says that it was made to be reduced, as every stroke of the pen is covering up it’s surface, thus reducing the paper while making it into something greater. The rest of the pieces cover a variety of topics. There is Derrida’s dismissal of Sokal and Bricmont, the former being of the notorious Sokal Hoax, and his defense of Jose Rainha. Very little is available on Rainha on the internet (in English) yet his wrongful arrest, being a figurehead in the Landless Movement, drew the attention and support of Derrida and José Saramago. Much of the rest of his pieces deal with his politics, such his insistence on open Hospitality towards immigrants. The idea stems from Kant, yet he ultimately rejects many of Kant’s ideas in favor of creating his own while still acknowledging the limitations of each. Derrida has many reservations about globalization, yet supports the Euro to some extent. Derrida ultimately believes there should be law that govern outside the system, police that are outside the State, yet without creating some World Law or State. He explores totalitarianism and it’s influence of Marxism and how it is still present in the world today. Finally there is his Frankfurt address, a wonderful piece talking about language, feeling homesick for your own language, and includes a anecdote of a dream from Walter Benjamin in which he attempted to ‘make a scarf out of a poem’. Derrida is not an easy read. He is heavily reliant on his predecessors and does not slow down to explain things or clear up ideas. ‘Literature,’ he says while arguing that he is not simply giving a ‘commentary’ on his predecessors but being a unified force furthering their ideas (he is extremely antagonistic towards the interviewer in that piece), ‘preserves the memory of the sacred texts that represent its ancestry; this memory is guilty and repentant, both making sacred and desacralizing.’ He speaks heavily on the ideas of Kant and Husserl, while being rather agressive towards Foucault. While being difficult, he is extraordinarily bright and exciting, exploring many ideas that are at the heart of all literature and philosophy. I will definitely be continuing exploring his ideas, as this book is not an ideal starting place (it often alludes to other books of his, this serving more as a commentary on all his other books than really as a stand-alone collection). Derrida has some wonderful words and makes me feel inadequate being in the cage of English and not speaking other languages. Read Derrida! 4.5/5 ...more |
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| 3.78
| 1,351
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‘To dissect is a form of revenge’ -Gustave Flaubert in a letter to George Sand Flaubert’s Dictionary of Accepted Ideas is an ironic, witty, and outright ‘To dissect is a form of revenge’ -Gustave Flaubert in a letter to George Sand Flaubert’s Dictionary of Accepted Ideas is an ironic, witty, and outright humorous satire on the minds and manners of the everyday man, the philistines, as Flaubert would call them, that move within a higher society. Alphabetized within its pages are a wide variety of objects, ideas and people with a clichéd definition highlighting the ‘accepted’ opinions on them and instructions as to how to utilize such ideas to give the appearance of a culture-savvy citizen. For example: ‘BEETHOVEN: Do not pronounce Beathoven. Be sure to gush when one of his works is played.’ As noted on the back cover, much of the ‘devastating humor and irony are often dependent on the phrasing in vernacular French’, making a translation difficult, yet this New Directions edition, with introduction and translation by Jacques Barzun, does a well enough job of getting much of the general ideas, insults and irony across, making this a very funny read. Barzun’s introduction offers a useful insight into the workings of this short book and Flaubert’s mindset in creating it. As Barzun points out, Flaubert was outspoken in his disgust with ‘philistines’ and considered the social norms of culture to be a direct affront on education and the educated artist. While there are statements made in this book which are at times necessarily true, Barzun asserts that ‘what damns them is the fact that they are the only thing ever said on the subject by the middling sensual man’. Flaubert, spending most of his time around society which was ‘not simply bourgeois and philistine, but invincibly repetitious and provincial’, created this book to denounce these repetitions of such cliched ideas that drove him mad. He stated that these ‘repetitions proved more than signs of dullness, they were philosophic clues from which he inferred the “transformation of the mind under machine capitalist”’(Barzun). This collection of repetitious ideas paints a comical caricature of this society Flaubert detested, yet offers such humorous depictions of the ideas presented that will have the reader laughing out loud at the bawdy satire. While writing this book, Flaubert stated in a letter, ‘After reading the book, one would be afraid to talk, for fear of using one of the phrases in it.’ The comedy is rich and, like a bad American comedy, desiring of quotation, yet quoting it ironically places you on the side of the philistines. If you can find this collection (especially if you speak French and can find it in it’s original form), I highly recommend flipping through it. It is often offensive, occasionally insightful, and always funny. Someone should remake this for the American redneck. 3/5 (while there are some gems, much of this is either lost on a modern/english speaking reader or just rather ordinary and un-funny. Worth reading for the funny though!) A few gems include: ARCHIMEDES: On hearing his name, shout “Eureka!”. Or else: ‘Give me a fulcrum and I will move the world.” There is also Archimedes’screw, but you are not expected to know that. ARTIST: All charlatans. Praise their disintrestedness (old-fashioned). Express surprise that they dress like everyone else (old-fashioned). They earn huge sums and squander them. What artists do cannot be called work. AUTHORS: One should ‘know a few’. Never mind their names BUYING AND SELLING: The goal of life. COFFE: Induces wit. Good only if it comes through Havre. After a big dinner party, it is taken standing up. Take is without sugar – very swank: gives the impression you’ve lived in the east. EGG: Starting point for a philosophic lecture on the origin of life. FAVOR: It is doing children a favor to slap them; animals, to beat them; servants, to fire them; criminals, to punish them. GENTLEMEN: There aren't any left. IMMORALITY: Distinctly enunciated, this word confers prestige on the user. MACHIAVELLI: Though you have not read him, consider him a scoundrel. NEIGHBORS: Try to have them do you favors without it costing you anything. NOVELS: Corrupt the masses. Less immoral in serial than in volume form. Only historical novels should be allowed, because they teach history. Some novels are written on the point of a scalpel, others the point of a needle. OPTIMIST: Synonym for imbecile. PIDGIN: Always talk pidgin to make yourself understood by a foreigner, regardless of nationality. Use also for telegrams. RELATIVES: Always a nuisance. Keep the poor ones out of sight. REPUBLICANS: “The republicans are not all scoundrels, but all scoundrels are republicans!” SELFISHNESS: Complain of other people's; overlook your own. THINK (To): Painful. Things that compel us to think are generally neglected. ...more |
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really liked it
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I first heard of this unique collection while attending on of my linguistics courses in college when our professor recited one of the poems. It was th
I first heard of this unique collection while attending on of my linguistics courses in college when our professor recited one of the poems. It was the last class period before the final exam, so to lighten our minds and spirits after a grueling review session our professor recited one of these French poems to provide an entertaining example of what one could do with an intensive knowledge of language and linguistics. Chacun Gille Houer ne taupe de hile Tôt-fait, j'appelle au boiteur Chaque fêle dans un broc, est-ce crosne? Un Gille qu'aime tant berline à fêtard. Hearing this read aloud, one gets the impression that they are hearing the familiar nursery rhyme Jack and Jill, just read in a thick French accent. However, the poem works as an actual poem in the original French as well. Brilliant right? Here’s another: Reine, reine, gueux éveille. Gomme à gaine, en horreur, taie. We hear the familiar ‘Rain, rain, go away…’ rhyme from our childhood, yet according to Van Rooten’s footnote, this translates as Queen, queen, arouse the rabble Who use their girdles, horrors, as pillow slips Silly, but the whole thing is highly amusing and creates a very comical and curious coffee-table book. There are endless other gems in here. ‘Papa, blague chipe’, ‘Lit-elle messe, moffette, Satan ne te fête’, or ‘ Pis-terre, pis-terre Pomme qui n'y terre’. It is a bit of a treasure hunt through linguistics, as many of them take a few readings to realize what nursery rhyme it is, but one the rhythm and meter is figured out, many of these are an uncanny representation. The real fun is Van Rooten’s seriousness to keep to the charade that these are ‘lost’ manuscripts of French poetry from 1788. The brief introduction tells how he received these manuscripts from a dead colleague, etc, and reminded me instantly of Nabokov’s Pale Fire. The poems are all heavily footnoted to point out all the ‘philosophical’ and ‘poetic’ genius of the writer as if he is intending to direct you to the actual French poetry instead of the nursery rhyme joke. Never once does he break character or mention that these are French poems written to sound like nursery rhymes in English. He merely encourages you to read them aloud ‘in the sonorous, measured classic style… these poems then assume a strangely familiar, almost nostalgic, homely quality.’ The footnotes, and especially the Notes on the Type, are all a bit humorous in the way this book is treated like a manuscript of major importance to French literature. If you can find a copy, and a friend who speaks French well enough if you yourself do not, this book is a great way to kill a few hours laughing and playing with the language to discover the hidden nursery rhyme. It is also quite funny how the translated French is always quite gloomy. These poems are often of death, demons, and debauchery, but all under the cutesy wrappings of Mother Goose. Noyé l’ami, dans tout sa lippe Aprés d’alarmants sauts, l’équipe. En duvet deuil beffroi évêque… Apprête alors ma sale de teck (Scornful of life, the friend was drowned After alarming leaps by the clique. In downy mourning the bishop’s tower… Prepare then my room of teak) 4/5 Au revoir! ...more |
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it was amazing
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'reality will take shape in the memory alone...’ For 100 years now, Swann’s Way, the first volume of Marcel Proust’s masterpiece, has engaged and encha 'reality will take shape in the memory alone...’ For 100 years now, Swann’s Way, the first volume of Marcel Proust’s masterpiece, has engaged and enchanted readers. Within moments of turning back the cover and dropping your eyes into the trenches of text, the reader is sent to soaring heights of rapture while clinging to Proust prose, leaving no room for doubt that this is well-deserving of it’s honor among the timeless classics. In swirling passages of poetic ecstasy, the whole of his life and memories dance upon the page, carefully dissecting the personages that surrounded his childhood and illustrating a vibrant account of the society and social manners. Swann’s Way is a powerful love story capturing the romance between Proust and his existence as he wields sprawling lyricism like tender touch and kisses in order to sensually undress the world, revealing all the poetic beauty that hides within the garments of reality. Open the novel to any page and you are likely to find a long, flowing sentence full of love and longing for the depths of existence. Proust is a virtuoso. His famously complex sentences rise and fall in dramatic fashion, carefully pulling incredible aerobatics of emotion across the page like a violinist does with sound in only the most elite of classical compositions. If it isn’t obvious, I quickly became utterly smitten with Proust. Even Virginia Woolf read Proust in awe. Some of the finest passages that have ever graced my eyes are found in this volume. Take for example this exquisite passage on the power of music: ’Even when he was not thinking of the little phrase, it existed, latent, in his mind, in the same way as certain other conceptions without material equivalent, such as our notions of light, of sound, of perspective, of bodily desire, the rich possessions wherewith our inner temple is diversified and adorned. Perhaps we shall lose them, perhaps they will be obliterated, if we return to nothing in the dust. But so long as we are alive, we can no more bring ourselves to a state in which we shall not have known them than we can with regard to any material object, than we can, for example, doubt the luminosity of a lamp that has just been lighted, in view of the changed aspect of everything in the room, from which has vanished even the memory of the darkness. In that way Vinteuil's phrase, like some theme, say, inTristan, which represents to us also a certain acquisition of sentiment, has espoused our mortal state, had endued a vesture of humanity that was affecting enough. Its destiny was linked, for the future, with that of the human soul, of which it was one of the special, the most distinctive ornaments. Perhaps it is not-being that is the true state, and all our dream of life is without existence; but, if so, we feel that it must be that these phrases of music, these conceptions which exist in relation to our dream, are nothing either. We shall perish, but we have for our hostages these divine captives who shall follow and share our fate. And death in their company is something less bitter, less inglorious, perhaps even less certain.’Beautiful. Throughout Swann’s Way we see this sentiment expressed to cover all of reality in a blanket of art; by reshaping what we perceive into beautiful notions of prose, music, sculpture, architecture, or any other form of aesthetics, Proust seeks to discover the true shape of meaning and cling to an ideal, an ideal that will linger like a sweet perfume long after the actual object of desire and reflection has either faded or reared it’s ugly head and begun to rot. By exploring memory, Proust is able to wrap all his sensory perceptions, all the external stimuli experienced over a lifetime, into a charming bouquet of words in order grant them a linguistic weight in which they can be shared and enjoyed by others. He despairs when contemplating that his experiences were not shared by other people and didn’t have ‘any reality outside of me. They now seemed to me no more than the purely subjective, impotent, illusory creations of my temperament. They no longer had any attachment to nature, to reality, which from then on lost all its charm and significance…’. He finds solace in literature and his greatest hopes are to become a writer because it grants the power to capture the true essence of anything. By contemplating an object he finds it is ‘so ready to open, to yield me the thing for which they themselves were merely a cover’, and language is the snare to capture and immortalize these fleeting impressions and moments of glowing epiphany. For it is the impressions, the inner beauty, that matter to him instead of the objects themselves. He falls in love with Mlle. Swann because she connotes ‘the cathedrals, the charm of the hills of Île-de-France, the plains of Normandy’, as well as her association with his beloved Bergote – he loves the idea of her more than the physical being. The centerpiece of the novel, Swann in Love, is an emotionally jarring ride from sublime romance and intimacy to the obsessive, nerve wracking depression of love being ripped to pieces in its fiery tailspin downward. This story, practically a novella that could work well as a stand-alone piece, gripped me the strongest. Perhaps it was the bruised memories of similar circumstances, but my heart went out to Swann despite all his flaws, self pity and shameful actions. Proust creates near-Greek tragedy in him by creating a man of legendary proportions and casting him down upon the rocks. Story aside, Swann too seeks the ideal, even to the point of self-destructive monomania. A man of the arts, Swann associates his image of ideal with aesthetics, but unlike the narrator, brings it to life through sculpture, paintings and music. Odette becomes most beautiful to him when he can appraise her like a sculpture: ’[E]ven though he probably valued the Florentine masterpiece only because he fount it again in her, nevertheless that resemblance conferred a certain beauty on her too, made her more precious…and he felt happy that his pleasure in seeing Odette could be be justified by his own aesthetic culture.’Lovemaking for the couple becomes more personal, more artistic in his eyes through their personal euphemism ‘make cattleya’ as it brings all further acts of intimacy performed under such a title an extension to the first, passionate and idealized union of their bodies. The act ‘lived on in their language’ and offered Swann a sense of possession over the act by creating with the phrase an ‘entirely individual and new’ action. The ‘little phrase’ played by the pianist during their first encounter at the Verdurin’s becomes the anthem of their love, and it’s melody carries the image of his ideal Odette, the Odette that swooned over his every word and loved him deeply, the Odette that he will always hold to his heart and pursue even when the Odette he can physically hold comes up as a pale shell of the ideal (I've been reading to much Derrida lately to not comment that we can never achieve the ideal, which makes his downfall inevitable. The lack of sound logic in his thinking is apparent all through his romantic decline too). Sometimes when you have lost everything, you fight for that ideal that has already dissipated in order to uphold some sort of self-dignity, even though it is just that dignity which will be lost in the process. Proust delivers love and tragedy at it’s finest. Through each marvelous passage, Proust gives a fleshed out portrayal of the people and places n his life. His family and friends are given a second life through his words, which paint such a lifelike portrayal, examining their greatest traits, their habits and not shying away from unveiling even their flaws, that they practically breath on the page. Proust has an acute eye for social manners, and the reader can pick up on even the most subtle of vanities, ill-manners, or kind-heartedness of all those encountered. Of particular interest is Proust’s brutal portrayal of the Verdurins and their group of the ‘faithful’, refraining from casting judgment while letting their actions speak for themselves to betray their ignorance of the ideas they speak so highly of. The Verdurin scenes bring back memories of college parties where less-than-sober members speak so highly of art yet have little of value to discuss when pressed, the same people who label everyone around them and sneer at those without their same ‘high standards’ of art (which, okay, sometimes that person is me). Proust immortalizes these fakes forever in his words, making me think he was getting the last laugh at a group that once condescended him. I urge anyone with even the slightest interest in the novel to find it and read it immediately. The language simply blossoms, even after being run through the presses of translation. First loves, heartbreaks, losses of many kinds, and the exciting phase of childhood when our understanding of the world around us begins to reveal itself, all come to life in a book that will make your emotions dance and sway. 100 years after it was written, Proust still holds weight in the world today and remains high and above many of the authors who have followed him. I cannot stress how incredible his prose is, I have found a new author to hold close to my heart and savor each blessed word. Take the Swann’s Way. 5/5 ‘I looked at her, at first with the sort of gaze that is not merely the messenger of the eyes, but a window at which all the senses lean out, anxious and petrified, a gaze that would like to touch the body it is looking at, capture it, take it away and the soul along with it…’ [image] ...more |
Notes are private!
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Jan 10, 2013
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Feb 02, 2013
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Jun 21, 2012
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0571220959
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| 0571220959
| 4.10
| 14,736
| 1944
| 2003
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really liked it
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‘He is converting his philosophy into corpses and—unfortunately for us—it’s a philosophy that’s logical from start to finish.’ Rome’s third emperor, Ca ‘He is converting his philosophy into corpses and—unfortunately for us—it’s a philosophy that’s logical from start to finish.’ Rome’s third emperor, Caligula, had a short rule (A.D. 37-41) yet left a lasting legacy of carnage and brutality. Born Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus but nicknamed Caligula meaning “little boot” in reference to his military uniform, his tyrannical reign of terror and fiscal irresponsibility led to his assassination when he was 28 years old. While surviving sources are few, there is reason to believe his first few months as emperor were noble and tame and many believed mental illness may have contributed to his sadism. Albert Camus’ first play, Caligula, harnesses the story of the tyrant emperor in four acts that examine Camus’ ideas of absurdity, reinterpreting the historical figure through 20th century philosophical discourse (though Camus claimed it was not a philosophical play). Through a rather Nietzschean “will to power,” Camus depicts Caligula embracing absurdity through calculated logic, exemplifying the ideas that anything is possible and man must replace God as Caligula attempts to recreate the randomness of death and the arbitrariness of life while seeking to create meaning out of meaninglessness. An eminently readable work, Caligula interrogates heady ideas and thrives on drawing discomfort from the audience in a violent saga of absurdity, power and revolt. [image] The assassination of Caligula, depicted by Giuseppe Mochetti Camus began writing Caligula in 1937, and though he finished in 1939 it underwent several revisions before it was finally staged in Paris after the war. As he writes in his introduction, Camus intended himself to strut and fret his hour upon the stage as Caligula, and what a role it is with on stage murders and plenty of shouting and emotion. Camus adapted the play—primarily Cherea’s role—to fit his changing views on absurdity, though also, as Oliver Gloag argues in his book on Camus, in response to Hitler and the occupation of France. Lines were cut to ensure it didn’t seem apologetic for tyrants, and added Cherea’s line about fighting ideas ‘whose triumph would mean the end of the world’ as a direct callout against the Nazis. Gloag argue’s Cherea exists to tone down the absurd as ‘nihilistic purity was no longer defensible’ In the essay Camus and the Theater, Christine Margerrison writes that Camus expressed frustrations that the play was often misunderstood, being mistaken as an existentialist work (he adamantly refused the label, and considered existentialism ‘philosophical suicide’), being mistaken as a critique of Jean-Paul Sartre (he wrote it before the rise of Sartrean existentialism), or being a critique against tyrants or communism. Many of these elements are justifiable interpretations (or present in other works) though Camus stressed they overlooked the main purpose of the dilemas of freedom and violence, a revolt of the powerful against society, and an expression of living in absurdity through logic. [image] French production of Caligula, 1945 This is an excellent play, and Camus launches us into the start of Caligula’s reign of violence by first showing the emperor in a moment of vulnerability. Following the death of his sister, Drusilla, Caligula contemplates that ‘life is quite intolerable,’ existence is absurd, and regrets being unable to obtain the literal moon to have something absurd, something ‘which isn’t of this world.’ What use is power if one can’t have the moon? It is a pivotal moment, one that hardens into a sadism where he has ‘resolved to be logical’ and seeks freedom at the expense of others. ‘I’m surrounded by lies and self-deception. But I’ve had enough of that; I wish men to live by the light of truth. And I’ve the power to make them do so. For I know what they need and haven’t got. They're without understanding and they need a teacher…’ The tyrannical ruler can, arguably, be seen as a tyranny of the academics and philosophers of the time as well, which Camus delves into more critically in The Fall. He seeks to punish his subjects, to become a god of sorts in the absence of one as he sees it. As Camus wrote in his notebooks ‘. If this world is meaningless then …it is on us to create God...we have only one way to create God and that is to become God.’ He first has everyone make a will to the State and decides he will execute people at random, like the arbitrariness of death (‘It has dawned on you that a man needn’t have done anything for him to die.’), and thus fund the empire. ‘If the Treasury has paramount importance, human life has none,’ he says (feels a critique on government and capitalism in general there), and preaches that ‘this world has no importance; once a man realizes that, he wins his freedom.’ This is a very different revolt than the sort he would be noteworthy for discussing in books like The Rebel, though Camus also implies the teachings of Caligula are not his own (another aspect that frustrated him when viewers assumed that was his aim). Though years of senseless and random murder does not make the people happy, and Caligula knows he is backing them into a corner that can only lead to his own murder at their hands. ‘Other artists create to compensate for their lack of power. I don’t need to make a work of art; I live it.’ Camus delivers a fascinating dichotomy with Caligula embracing the absurdity of existence and believing ‘freedom has no frontier,’ or ‘one is always free at someone else’s expense’ with the people who tend to avoid metaphysical thoughts of existence. We are disquieted by the action, with on stage murders, sexual assaults and constant humiliation. There is a counter-balance, however, in Cherea who on one hand understands Caligula’s quest for the absurd (and perhaps shares it) but cannot abide by the violence. He, in turn, also does not wish to commit it and struggles despite organizing an assassination. As Colin Davis argues in his essay Violence and Ethics in Camus, Cherea is an expression of what Camus wrote in his essays Neither Victims Nor Executioners that violence is ‘at the same time inevitable and unjustifiable’ as well the teachings in The Rebel of ‘conceding the existence of an ethical dilemma but endeavoring to overcome it.’ We also have Scipio who also seems a foil to Caligula, ‘perhaps because the same eternal truths appeal to us both,’ as Caligula observes, and is frustrated with Caligula’s rejection of beauty through his brutality. Though Caligula is not a hero, he is still an expression of Camus’ idea of revolting against the absurdity of existence, and Scipio rejects Caligula raging against the heavens and predicts ‘god-men’ will rise against him. As Alba della Fazia Amoia writes in her book of Camus criticism, ‘[Caligula’s] deliberate irrationality makes him a dadaistic figure, hihilitic in character and inevitably self-destroying’ and compares his body count to a plague—which caught my attention as Camus’ The Plague also features a group of men not conspiring but organizing to fight back the irrationality and arbitrariness of death in a sort of personified form. Though there the response is one that is more clearly “good” and justifiable (I love the line by Cherea here that ‘some actions are…more praiseworthy,’ though Davis says 'more beautiful' is a more accurate translation, and gets at what I'm attempting to say here) and not actually violent where here the revolt is one of bloodshed. As Caligula’s dying words are ‘I’m still alive’ we see that, though his body may have succumbed to death, his spirit of violence is very much alive in the new “will to power” (as Friedrich Nietzsche discussed, something Camus toned down in the play due to the Nazi’s embrace of his philosophy) enacted by the conspirators who have slain him. The moral dilemma of violence and freedom speaks loudly in the silence after the curtain falls. ‘All I need is for the impossible to be. The impossible!’ Caligula is part of what Camus termed the “Cycle of the Absurd” along with The Stranger and The Myth of Sisyphus, but of all of them it seems to most leave us in a ponderous state as it asks us how people can apply meaning to meaninglessness, either by challenging the gods or becoming a god oneself, and then justify our actions for freedom in the face of violence or without causing harm to others. This is a subject of ethical living Simone de Beauvoir would address in The Ethics of Ambiguity and here we have Camus directly confronting the audience with that question to take home and grapple with. Caligula is an interesting play that works well as an exciting look at Caligula as a historical figure through modern philosophical inquiry while also functioning as another critical expression of Camus’ canon of ideas. I also enjoy seeing how his ideas morph over time, both in conjunction with his other works but also in response to the history that was happening in real time during the 30’s and 40’s. A problematic figure, but a brilliant one nonetheless, Albert Camus is a wonderful mind to see at work, especially one that can fret about the stage as it does here in Caligula. Also huge shoutout to Kushagri for inviting me to read this together, you should definitely check out her review here too! 4.5/5 ‘Yet, really, it’s quite simple. If I’d had the moon, if love were enough, all might have been different.’ ...more |
Notes are private!
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not set
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Jan 2023
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Jun 21, 2012
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0140444300
| 9780140444308
| B002N6BCUG
| 4.20
| 809,432
| 1862
| Jan 01, 1976
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it was amazing
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Javert: those who falter and those who fall must pay the price! Valjean: lol you can Les Mis me with that shit. The first year I worked at the bookstore Javert: those who falter and those who fall must pay the price! Valjean: lol you can Les Mis me with that shit. The first year I worked at the bookstore I very excitedly dressed as Enjolras to work the Halloween night shift but nobody came so I just sat alone with all the empty chairs and empty tables and read this book uninterrupted for 5 hours. Ideal work day to be honest. [image] But this book is wild. Epic in scope and casting a critical eye on the mistreatment of the poor with the occasional essay on sewer systems thrown in. Unforgettable and undeniably a lasting classic, musical or not, and Hugo himself explains why the book should continue to be read as a sharp statement against poverty and the systems that perpetuate it: 'So long as there shall exist, by reason of law and custom, a social condemnation, which, in the face of civilisation, artificially creates hells on earth, and complicates a destiny that is divine, with human fatality; so long as the three problems of the age — the degradation of man by poverty, the ruin of woman by starvation, and the dwarfing of childhood by physical and spiritual night — are not solved; so long as, in certain regions, social asphyxia shall be possible; in other words, and from a yet more extended point of view, so long as ignorance and misery remain on earth, books like this cannot be useless.' This was a very personal book for Hugo, who had walked out into the streets of Paris and stumbled right into the gunfire of the June Rebellion which makes up the latter half of the novel. Hugo kept notebooks into which he recorded all he say and drew inspiration for his many characters from people and events he witnessed. Though most fascinating to me is that Jean Valjean (and to a small extent, Javert) take inspiration from Eugène François Vidocq, who, upon his release from prison, formed the first private detective agency and is known as the father of criminology. Edgar Allan Poe would also be inspired by Vidocq for his The Murders in the Rue Morgue. I sort of love how you can tell when Hugo gets excited by a topic and wants to tell you everything he learned about it (sewers, man, so much about the sewers), or adds little bits of his own life into the story (he had an open marriage and commemorates the date he first slept with his mistress, Juliet Drouet, by making it the date of Marius and Cosette's wedding). A big book, but one that is always well worth the read. ...more |
Notes are private!
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not set
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not set
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Apr 10, 2012
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