Strafing was a combat technique, known to multiple species, in which small aircraft or spacecraft made a close but brief pass at their targets while continuously firing. Such a pass was known as a strafing run, and the maneuvering involved as a strafing course.
During the Second World War, Japanese Zeros were known for their strafing of people on the ground. USS Enterprise personnel on shore leave on the Shore Leave Planet in 2267 experienced this tactic replicated. (TOS: "Shore Leave")
During the 2150s, the Torothans were known to employ strafing runs against camps associated with Zobral's rebellion. During these attacks, they would also jam communications in the region. (ENT: "Desert Crossing")
In 2374, the USS Valiant (NCC-74210) laid in a strafing course in an attempt to take out a large Jem'Hadar battleship. (DS9: "Valiant")
In 2375, General Martok's cavalry raid on the Dominion Starbase on Trelka V was also designed to be a strafing run. (DS9: "Once More Unto the Breach")