Professor Shalini Arya

Legume Research Published Volume 47 Issue 4 (APRIL 2024) Morphological and Molecular Diversity of Botrytis cinerea Infecting Chickpea in India L. Manjunatha, Upasana Rani, T. Basavaraja, R. Jagadeeswaran, Yogesh Kumar doi: 10.18805/LR-4547 Cite article:- Manjunatha L., Rani Upasana, Basavaraja T., Jagadeeswaran R., Kumar Yogesh (2024). Morphological and Molecular Diversity of Botrytis cinerea Infecting Chickpea in India . Legume Research. 47(4): 652-658. doi: 10.18805/LR-4547. ABSTRACT Background: The Botrytis gray mold (BGM) caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr., has become a major threat for chickpea cultivation in India. In view of monetary significance of this disease and growing its spread into new regions through seed and soil (sclerotia) encouraged us to study variability of this pathogen from diverse regions. Methods: Botrytis cinerea infected chickpea samples were collected from Punjab and Uttarakhand states. Pathogen was isolated using chickpea dextrose agar media. Pathogenicity was proved by inoculation of spore suspension (3x105 spores’mL-1) of the fungus on susceptible cultivar. In vitro studies were conducted for observations of morphological and cultural variability of the fungus. The pathogenic fungus was also identified through molecular characterization using ITS primers. Result: The isolates were categorized into different groups based on growth rate of the pathogen on PDA media. Pathogenicity test proved that B. cinerea isolates from Punjab were showed less disease severity scale compared to Uttarakhand state isolates. The B. cinerea fungus prefers PDA for efficient growth and multiplication than Chickpea Dextrose Agar (CDA) media. There was no conspicuous difference in colour of the colony on PDA and CDA media. The colour of the mycelium were initially white or dirty white or greyish and sporulated culture shown to have as grey with profuse mass on the surface of the mycelium. The fungus B. fabae, a different species was also responsible for causing BGM disease which was confirmed through pathogenicity and ITS sequencing. Twenty-eight isolates were studied for diversity in cultural, morphological and molecular level. The diversity in colony colour, growth type and diameter of mycelial growth, sclerotia initiation, number and pattern of sclerotia formation were observed amongst the isolates. This study would help in designing breeding strategy for development of disease resistant cultivars. KEYWORDS Colony, Conidia, Diversity, Morphology, Sclerotia, Virulence https://lnkd.in/gJXvCZDz

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research Published Volume 58 Issue 3 (June 2024) Molecular Identification and Genetic Diversity of Alternaria Isolates Causing Leaf Spot Disease in Cotton from Major Cotton Growing Areas of South Zone of India A. Sampathkumar, K.P. Raghavendra doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-6104 Cite article:- Sampathkumar A., Raghavendra K.P. (2024). Molecular Identification and Genetic Diversity of Alternaria Isolates Causing Leaf Spot Disease in Cotton from Major Cotton Growing Areas of South Zone of India . Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 58(3): 532-538. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-6104. ABSTRACT Background: Alternaria leaf spot caused by two species namely Alternaria macrospora and Alternaria alternata is an important foliar disease of cotton. Conidial morphology showed that most of the isolates in the study belonged to A. macrospora. Molecular confirmation is necessary to strengthen the identification of species in Alternaria. Genetic diversity study of Alternaria isolates using ISSR and hyper variable SSR primers will provide variation and grouping among the isolates collected from major areas of South Zone of India. Present study was conducted to identify Alternaria isolates at species level using molecular methods (species specific primers) and genetic diversity analysis using ITS, SSR and ISSR primers. Methods: Reported species-specific primers such as AmF and AmR as well as AaF2 and AaF3 were used for Alternaria species identification. ITS region was amplified through ITS1 and ITS4 and sequences were used for identification and clustering of isolates. Thirteen hyper variable SSR primers specific to Alternaria were designed based on the sequences retrieved from NCBI and used for diversity study. Six different ISSR primers were also used for genetic diversity study. Result: Reported species-specific primers found not suitable to identify A. macrospora and A. alternata at species level. Two SSR primers were found to be effective in showing variability among the isolates. Six clusters were formed at 71 percent genetic dissimilarity among 15 isolates of Alternaria through ISSR primers. Five clusters were formed in ITS sequence’s diversity analysis. Blasting of ITS sequences of 15 selected isolates at NCBI showed that all belong to A. alternata. This was due to absence or presence of very few sequences of A. macrospora in NCBI database itself. Further house-keeping genes like Alt a1, Plasma membrane ATPase, GAPDH and TEF -1 α sequence analysis will be useful for confirmation of A. macrospora at species level. KEYWORDS Alternaria Species, Cotton, ISSR, Its, Molecular Identification And Characterization, SSR https://lnkd.in/gbBywiGd

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research Published Volume 58 Issue 3 (June 2024) Impact of Geographical Conditions on Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Different Extracts of Ajuga iva Laila Lahrizi, Faouzi Errachidi, Lahsen El- Ghadraoui doi: 10.18805/IJARe.AF-827 Cite article:- Lahrizi Laila, Errachidi Faouzi, Ghadraoui El- Lahsen (2024). Impact of Geographical Conditions on Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Different Extracts of Ajuga iva . Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 58(3): 507-513. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.AF-827. ABSTRACT In the present investigation, various cultivars of Ajuga iva were collected from different locations in Morocco in 2022. These cultivars were subjected to extraction using different solvents, namely water, ethanol and methanol, to obtain extracts from their aerial parts. The extracts were then analyzed to determine their total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total sugar content, hydrolysable tannin content, condensed tannin content and antioxidant activity. The results obtained from the analysis revealed the following quantities for the different parameters: The total phenolic content ranged from 226.04±8.47 to 22.59±2.43 mg GAE/g dw, the total flavonoid content ranged from 22.27±0.11 to 3.35±0.006 mg QE/g dw, the total sugar content ranged from 38.78±2.56 to 2.88±0.18 mg/g dw, the reducing sugar content ranged from 7.17±0.45 to 0.41±0.007 mg/g dw, the hydrolysable tannin content ranged from 12.25±0.017 to 0.75±0.15 mg TAE/g dw, the condensed tannin content ranged from 25.49±0.53 to 3.35±1.85 mg/g dw and the total antioxidant capacity ranged from 0.18±0.012 to 0.010±0.004 mg AAE/g dw. Furthermore, a principal component analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between the different parameters. The analysis revealed a strong correlation between the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and hydrolysable tannin content with the total antioxidant capacity. This suggests that these compounds contribute significantly to the antioxidant capacity of Ajuga iva. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrate that Ajuga iva contains substantial amounts of bioactive compounds and possesses a noteworthy antioxidant capacity. These results contribute to the understanding of the chemical composition and potential health benefits of Ajuga iva. KEYWORDS Ajuga Iva, Antioxidant Potency, Bioactive Compounds, Oxidative Stress https://lnkd.in/gpQKregT

Indian Journal of Animal Research Published Volume 58 Issue 4 (APRIL 2024) Effect of Feeding Sun Dried Banana Pseudostem as a Partial Replacement of Dietary Maize on Performance and Production Economics of Crossbred Grower Pigs K.K. Baruah, G. Khargharia, S. Deori, G. Kadirvel, S. Doley, A. Baruah, S.N. Abedin doi: 10.18805/IJAR.B-4975 Cite article:- Baruah K.K., Khargharia G., Deori S., Kadirvel G., Doley S., Baruah A., Abedin S.N. (2024). Effect of Feeding Sun Dried Banana Pseudostem as a Partial Replacement of Dietary Maize on Performance and Production Economics of Crossbred Grower Pigs . Indian Journal of Animal Research. 58(4): 622-627. doi: 10.18805/IJAR.B-4975. ABSTRACT Background: The usage of banana waste pseudostems has drawn more attention in recent years. Additionally, it is said that these banana waste components are rich in vitamins and minerals, notably dietary fibre. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of substituting dietary maize with sun dried banana pseudostem (BP) in their feed on performances of crossbred grower pigs. Methods: The current study was carried out between 2020-2021 on forty eight (48) Hampshire crossbred grower pigs, that were randomly divided and allotted to 4 compounded dietary treatments by replacing dietary maize with sun dried BP by 0% (T0), 10% (T1), 20% (T2) and 30% (T3) in their ration. By modifying the amounts of maize with BP, all compounded diets were rendered isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Result: Results indicated significant (p<0.05) improvement in the total body weight gain and average daily gain (ADG) in both male and female crossbred pigs fed ration T2 in comparison to the other groups. The performances of the both female and male pigs were significantly (p<0.05) lower when dietary levels of BP were increased up to 30% (T3). The feed cost/kg live weight gain in group T2 was significantly (p<0.05) lower than the control group in both the sexes. In conclusion, crossbred grower pigs can tolerate up to 20% dietary substitution of maize with BP in the ration without compromising their growth, blood biochemical parameters, reproductive performances and carcass quality. Incorporation of 20% sun dried BP resulted in lowered feed cost. KEYWORDS Banana Pseudostem (Bp)Carcass Traits, Crossbred Pigs, Production Economics, Reproductive Performance https://lnkd.in/gBXkFA_t

Indian Journal of Animal Research Published Volume 58 Issue 4 (APRIL 2024) Anti-cold Stress Effect of Aqueous Extract of Fruit Kernel of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. in Wistar Albino Rats Amol Gurav, Siddharth Gautam, A.P. Madhusoodan, Ajayta Rialch, N.S. Kharayat doi: 10.18805/IJAR.B-5028 Cite article:- Gurav Amol, Gautam Siddharth, Madhusoodan A.P., Rialch Ajayta, Kharayat N.S. (2024). Anti-cold Stress Effect of Aqueous Extract of Fruit Kernel of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. in Wistar Albino Rats . Indian Journal of Animal Research. 58(4): 559-565. doi: 10.18805/IJAR.B-5028. ABSTRACT Background: Stress is a reflex reaction initiated by animals due to the inability to cope with a stressor, which may cause discomfort, illness, or sometimes death. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-cold stress potential of aqueous extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. (fruit kernel) in Wistar albino rats. Methods: Rats were divided into five different groups (n=6). Cold stress was induced by exposing rats to cold environments during peak winter for 4 h/day for the 10-day experimental period. Groups 1 and 2 kept as healthy and stress-induced groups respectively. Group 3 received the Withania somnifera (100 mg/kg body weight) as a standard adaptogen. The Group 4 and 5 received Z. armatum at a dose rate of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Haemato-biochemical, stress and hormonal profile of all the groups were analyzed. Result: A significant hyperglycemia was observed in a stress-induced group compared to the healthy group. Elevated lipid peroxidase (LPO) and declined superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were recorded in stress-induced group concerning the healthy group. Hormonal analysis exhibited significant hypercortisolism with significant reduction in thyroxine (T4) values in stress- induced group. However, levels of LPO, SOD and hormonal parameters were recovered towards normal levels in a group 5, receiving a extract of Z. armatum (500 mg/kg). The present study revealed the anti-cold stress potential of aqueous extract of Z. armatum (fruit kernel) at a dose rate of 500 mg per kg body weight in rats. KEYWORDS Anti-Cold Stress, Oxidative Stress, Rats, Zanthoxylum Armatum DC https://lnkd.in/gJ34ZzQ2

Asian Journal of Diary and Food Research Published Volume 43 Issue 2 (JUNE 2024) Nutritional Composition, Mineral Content and Antioxidant Properties of Unpolished Red Rice Cultivars of Assam, India Tiluttama Mudoi, Priyanka Das doi: 10.18805/ajdfr.DR-1751 Cite article:- Mudoi Tiluttama, Das Priyanka (2024). Nutritional Composition, Mineral Content and Antioxidant Properties of Unpolished Red Rice Cultivars of Assam, India . Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research. 43(2): 301-305. doi: 10.18805/ajdfr.DR-1751. ABSTRACT Background: Assam is a rich source of different types of colored rice cultivars. Very few colored rice cultivars are studied regarding nutritional and phytochemical properties. The objective of present study was to assess the nutritional composition and antioxidant properties of traditional red rice cultivars of Assam. Methods: Ten different red rice cultivars were collected for the study. The unpolished rice grains were analysed for proximate composition, mineral content, total phenolic, flavonoid content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Result: Amylose content was found to be low in the red rice cultivars. The carbohydrate and crude protein content varied significantly among the red rice cultivars. The studied cultivars were found to be good source of Fe, Mn and Zn. Highest total phenolic (1357.22 mg /100 g) and flavonoid content (896.37 mg/100 g) were found in the Hal aus, whereas the lowest value for total phenolic (336.49 mg/100 g) and flavonoid content (127.51 mg/100 g) were observed in Basanta bahar. Antioxidant capacity of colored rice varieties ranged from 33.33 to 84.24% for DPPH radical scavenging activity. The red rice cultivars contain a significant amount of nutrients and antioxidants including phenolic and flavonoids. KEYWORDS Antioxidant Activity, Minerals, Red Rice Cultivar, Total Flavonoids, Total Phenols https://lnkd.in/giyKTBCB

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research Published Volume 58 Issue 3 (June 2024) An Experimental Study on Productivity and Bio-molecular Compounds of Direct-Seeded Medicinal Rice Varieties as Influenced by Nutrient Sources and Soil Conditions A. Mohammed Ashraf, H.A. Archana, M.R. Naveen Kumar, A. Muhammed Iqshanullah, R. Rajasekaran, K.S. Dhinesh, S. Naziya Begam doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-6119 Cite article:- Ashraf Mohammed A., Archana H.A., Kumar Naveen M.R., Iqshanullah Muhammed A., Rajasekaran R., Dhinesh K.S., Begam Naziya S. (2024). An Experimental Study on Productivity and Bio-molecular Compounds of Direct-Seeded Medicinal Rice Varieties as Influenced by Nutrient Sources and Soil Conditions . Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 58(3): 423-430. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-6119. ABSTRACT Background: Rice being staple food has qualities beyond its nutritive value with high digestibility and least allergic properties compared to other cereal grains. Research on exploring the nutritional value of traditional rice varieties with its inherent medicinal values and productivity has poor documentation and hence should be encouraged and supported. Field experiment was conducted with the objective to study the productivity of medicinal rice varieties as influenced by nutrient sources (inorganic and organic) and soil conditions (reduced and oxidized) under direct seeded rice. Methods: A field experiment was conducted in the wetland during Rabi season (October-February) at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore with an objective to study the effect of crop establishment of medicinal rice varieties as influenced with nutrient sources and soil conditions under direct seeded rice. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of soil conditions (reduced, oxidized) as one factor, sources of nutrients (inorganic, organic) as the second factor and four medicinal rice varieties (Black Kavuni, Red Kavuni, Local Kavuni and Njavara) as the third factor. Result: The reduced condition and inorganic source of nutrient recorded higher plant height, maximum tiller population dry matter production, leaf area index, panicle length, higher number of spikelet panicle-1, 1000-grain weight and filled grains. Among the medicinal rice varieties, Red Kavuni recorded higher growth parameters and yield attributes. From the above results, it could be concluded that Red Kavuni medicinal rice under a reduced condition with inorganic nutrients resulted in higher growth parameters and yield attributes. KEYWORDS Black Kavuni, Direct Seeded Rice, Local Kavuni, Njavara, Red Kavuni https://lnkd.in/gfAfYJYJ

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research Published Volume 58 Issue 3 (June 2024) Morphological and Yield Attribute of Blackgram Genotypes under Different Salinity Stress Conditions P. Shanthi, P. Ramesh, M. Parameshwaran, M. Umadevi, K. Sibi Sakaravarthy, T. Vivekananthan doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5697 Cite article:- Shanthi P., Ramesh P., Parameshwaran M., Umadevi M., Sakaravarthy Sibi K., Vivekananthan T. (2024). Morphological and Yield Attribute of Blackgram Genotypes under Different Salinity Stress Conditions . Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 58(3): 444-449. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5697. ABSTRACT Background: Blackgram is one of the important grain legumes in India. Pulses are the important source of protein for the vegetarian people. To meet out the current demand of pulses, there is a crucial need to increase the blackgram production. Mostly this crop is cultivated in marginal lands where the abiotic stresses like drought and salinity are predominant. The area under salinity in India is 6.73 million hectares and in blackgram no variety was identified as suitable for saline areas. Methods: This experiment was carried out to study the salinity tolerance levels of balckgram genotypes at vegetative and reproductive stages during Rabi season of 2018-20. A total of six blackgram genotypes were used to screen its performance under saline environment at vegetative and reproductive stage. All the genotypes were raised in pot with the size of 20 cm height and 15 cm width with four replications and salinity were stimulated artificially viz., 4.0 EC, 11.0 EC and 16.0 EC ds/m, its growth habits were observed. Conclusion: Salinity impact adversely affects blackgram genotypes under study. The number of days to survival of the plant and plant height were decreased by increasing salinity level and number of irrigation with saline water and it was reduced to ½ at 16 EC ds/m as compared to control. Days to 50% flowering, chlorophyll content and single plant yield were severally affected by increasing salt concentration. Increasing salt concentration was found directly proportionate to increasing number of days taken for flower initiation and at high level of salinity (16.0 EC ds/m) the plants dried before flowering. The plant yield was much affected by slight increase in salt concentration. At 4.0 EC ds/m level the yield was reduced to ¼ as compared to control. The 100 grain weight was not much affected by increasing salt concentration; Chlorophyll content also reduced 2/3 by increasing salt concentration after 15 DAS. The genotypes VBG-14-016 performed better under 4.0 EC ds/m level and survived for more number of days followed by the variety VBN 8. KEYWORDS Blackgram, Ec Level, Germination, Plant Height, Salinity Tolerance, Single Plant Yield https://lnkd.in/gTqt2C9Z

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research Published Volume 58 Issue 2 (APRIL 2024) Effect of NaCl Salt Stress on Germination and Seedling Growth of Black Gram (Vigna mungo) Anbarasu Mariyappillai, Vadivel Kulanthaivel doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5946 Cite article:- Mariyappillai Anbarasu, Kulanthaivel Vadivel (2024). Effect of NaCl Salt Stress on Germination and Seedling Growth of Black Gram (Vigna mungo) . Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 58(2): 224-226. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5946. ABSTRACT Background: Dehulled and split seeds of black gram (Vigna mungo) are used in the preparation of several dishes all over India. Salt stress is a troublesome issue in the arid and semi-dry areas and is seen as a critical constraint for growth and yield. It is very sensitive to salt especially during the seedling stage. Hence, a study was conducted to assess the impact of salt stress induced with NaCl on the germination and seedling growth of black gram. Methods: The different levels of salt concentration (20 ppm, 40 ppm, 60 ppm, 80 ppm) were prepared in the laboratory. Selected black gram (ADT-6) seeds were sown in small poly pots (soil, sand and farmyard manure at 1:1:1 ratio) with 3 replications and irrigated with a respective dose of saline water. The distilled water (0 ppm) was used as a control. The germination (%), shoot length (cm) and root length (cm) in the black gram were recorded after two weeks. The inhibition effect was studied by the response index (RI) method. Result: Increase in salt concentration diminished seed germination percentage, shoot length and root length of seedling and vigor index in black gram. Further, the response index indicated that all the salt concentration treatments had negative values. KEYWORDS ​Black Gram, Nacl, Response Index, Vigor Index

Indian Journal of Animal Research Published Volume 58 Issue 6 (JUNE 2024) The Potential Impacts of Antioxidant Micronutrients on Productive and Reproductive Performances of Mammalian Species during Stressful Conditions A.A. Mohammed, S. Al-Suwaiegh, I. Al-Gherair, S. Al-Khamis, F. Alessa, S. Al-Awaid, W.F. Alhujaili, A. Mohammed, A. Mohammed doi: 10.18805/IJAR.BF-1773 Cite article:- Mohammed A.A., Al-Suwaiegh S., Al-Gherair I., Al-Khamis S., Alessa F., Al-Awaid S., Alhujaili W.F., Mohammed A., Mohammed A. (2024). The Potential Impacts of Antioxidant Micronutrients on Productive and Reproductive Performances of Mammalian Species during Stressful Conditions . Indian Journal of Animal Research. 58(6): 1031-1038. doi: 10.18805/IJAR.BF-1773. ABSTRACT Background: The antioxidant micronutrients supplementation to mammalian species during stressful condition have gained great attention of nutritionists to alleviate stressful peri parturient factors, which negatively effect on productive and reproductive performances in subtropics. Methods: The antioxidant micronutrients given to mammalian species refer to minerals (copper, zinc and selenium) and vitamins (vitamins A, C and E). The balanced diet needs an adequate amount of antioxidant micronutrients during stressful conditions for mammalian species. Result: The antioxidant micronutrients are played pivotal roles for body functions especially during transitional period in ruminants. They are given to improve quality of feed, cell functions, carbohydrates, protein and metabolism. Changes in animals’ production, reproduction and therapeutic performances have been confirmed over antioxidant micronutrients supplementations. The antioxidant micronutrients change feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and energy production. Such increases in feed digestibility and growth performance resulted in improvement of oocyte, embryo and fetus qualities. In addition, blood cells and plasma biochemistry, immunity and therapeutic performances were altered due to antioxidant micronutrient supplementation. Hence, the review article was designed to collect, consolidate and discuss the effects of antioxidant micronutrient supplementation on productive, reproductive and therapeutic performances on ruminant species during transitional period in subtropics. KEYWORDS Antioxidant, Blood, Embryos, Growth, Immunity, Micronutrients, Oocytes, Reproduction https://lnkd.in/gaKq3zzF

Indian Journal of Animal Research Published Volume 58 Issue 7 (JULY 2024) Physical and Chemical Properties of Meat in Relation to Wooden Breast Myopathies in Male Broiler Chickens Raised in Evaporative Cooling Systems Siriporn Namted, Chaiyapoom Bunchasak doi: 10.18805/IJAR.BF-1569 Cite article:- Namted Siriporn, Bunchasak Chaiyapoom (2024). Physical and Chemical Properties of Meat in Relation to Wooden Breast Myopathies in Male Broiler Chickens Raised in Evaporative Cooling Systems . Indian Journal of Animal Research. 58(7): 1242-1246. doi: 10.18805/IJAR.BF-1569. ABSTRACT Background: There are few scientific reports of the occurrence of wooden breast (WB) in Thailand. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and effect of WB on the physical and chemical properties of meat from chickens reared under an evaporative cooling system (EVAP). Methods: A total 124 broiler chickens (BW = 2721.27±273.40 g) were selected from a group of 588 male broiler chickens (at 36 days of age). The WB meat (left site) score of each chicken was identified as being normal, moderate or severe. In order to compare the effect of the WB score on meat quality, based on the number of chickens in the normal group, the number of chickens in the moderate and severe groups were equalised (19 birds/group). The effects of the WB score on pH, colour, drip loss, thawing loss and cooking loss of the meat were observed. Result: The body weight of normal meat, moderate WB and severe WB was 2525.26±221.49, 2683.53±273.17 and 2883.78±211.90 g, respectively. The severe WB score occurred when the body weight (g) was heavier than the normal meat group for 14.19% (P<0.01). At 24 hours, the pH, drip loss, cooking loss and water content of the severe WB group was significantly higher, while the protein content in the severe WB group was lower than the normal meat group (P<0.01). Moreover, the severe WB group presented higher lightness, redness and yellowness values compared to the normal meat group (P<0.01). In conclusion, a larger body of broiler chickens, greater than 14% of the strain’s recommendation induced a severe WB score, which caused poor meat quality. KEYWORDS Broilers, Chicken breast meat, Meat quality, Wooden breast https://lnkd.in/gMyVxzsH

Indian Journal of Animal Research Published Volume 58 Issue 5 (May 2024) Role of Melatonin as a Survival Factor for In vitro Development of Sheep Preantral Follicles C. Chetan Kumar, B. Rambabu Naik, A.V.N. Siva Kumar, A. Ravi, L.S.S. Varaprasad Reddy, Deepa Pathipati doi: 10.18805/IJAR.B-4426 Cite article:- Kumar Chetan C., Naik Rambabu B., Kumar Siva A.V.N., Ravi A., Reddy Varaprasad L.S.S., Pathipati Deepa (2024). Role of Melatonin as a Survival Factor for In vitro Development of Sheep Preantral Follicles . Indian Journal of Animal Research. 58(5): 775-779. doi: 10.18805/IJAR.B-4426. ABSTRACT Background: Melatonin, a powerful free radical scavenger and broad-spectrum antioxidant may directly affect ovarian function by regulating folliculogenesis, maintenance of follicular integrity, oocyte quality and maturation capacity. Therefore, we aimed to study effects of melatonin and its interaction with growth factors in sheep preantral follicles. Methods: The influence of different concentrations of Melatonin (5-500 pM) on in vitro culture of preantral follicles (PFs’) isolated from sheep ovaries was studied. Experiments I and II were conducted to standardize the optimum concentration of Melatonin that supports better development of preantral follicles. Experiment III was conducted with the optimum level of Melatonin derived in the Experiments I and II to evaluate the effect of melatonin at 100pM in combination with various growth factors. Result: Overall follicular development was found to be the best in the PFs’ cultured in medium supplemented with 100pM of Melatonin. Melatonin supplementation showed positive effects on the preantral follicular development in combination with different growth factors. KEYWORDS In Vitro Culture, Melatonin, Preantral Follicles, Sheep https://lnkd.in/gSHkhigP

Legume Research Published Volume 47 Issue 4 (APRIL 2024) Productivity Dyanamics of Blackgram with Intercropping of Minor Millets on BBF under Organic Cultivation Adinath N. Paslawar, Shital Mhashakhetri, P.V. Shingrup, P.N. Chirde, Nilima K. Darekar doi: 10.18805/LR-5031 Cite article:- Paslawar N. Adinath, Mhashakhetri Shital, Shingrup P.V., Chirde P.N., Darekar K. Nilima (2024). Productivity Dyanamics of Blackgram with Intercropping of Minor Millets on BBF under Organic Cultivation . Legume Research. 47(4): 603-608. doi: 10.18805/LR-5031. ABSTRACT Background: Intercropping is an important aspect than sole cropping to address the issues of rainfed agriculture as well as organic agriculture under changing climate scenarios and it also helps in the maximization of productivity and profitability by efficient utilization of natural resources like light, land and water. Moreover, intercropping improves soil fertility through atmospheric nitrogen fixation with the inclusion of legumes and helps in soil conservation through the greater ground cover. Health benefits of minor millets are important in human diet and inclusion of minor millets in intercropping system with pulses are important component of organic agriculture. Methods: The field experiment entitled “productivity dyanamics of blackgram with intercropping of minor millets on bbf under organic cultivation’’ was conducted during Kharif season of 2019-22 at certified organic research farm of Centre of Organic Agriculture Research and Training (COART), Department of Agronomy, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (Maharashtra). Result: In case of blackgram, the crop growth parameters and yield attributes of blackgram were found to be improved with sole cropping of blackgram than intercropping system with minor millets. However, in case of minor millets, crop growth parameters and yield attributes of minor millets were found to be higher intercropping system with blackgram. KEYWORDS Blackgram, Intercropping, Minor Millets, Organic Farming, Productivity https://lnkd.in/gCpFjrf3

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research Published Volume 58 Issue 3 (June 2024) Manipulation of Flowering Time to Mitigate High Temperature Stress in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) M.P. Raghunath, R. Beena doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5707 Cite article:- Raghunath M.P., Beena R. (2024). Manipulation of Flowering Time to Mitigate High Temperature Stress in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) . Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 58(3): 484-487. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5707. ABSTRACT Background: High temperature is an important abiotic stress affecting the productivity of rice. Early morning flowering trait is an escape mechanism from heat. This trait is present in wild rice cultivars. Here we tried to induce early morning flowering trait by the application of methyl jasmonate. Methods: A pot culture experiment was conducted during Rabi, 2017 and 2018 to study the effect of foliar application of methyl jasmonate on high temperature stress (more than 35°C) mitigation in rice was conducted in the Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 2017-2019. The variety used was Uma (MO 16). Methyl jasmonate was applied as foliar spray to the spikelet in varying concentration with different time. Physiological observations were taken at 50% flowering stage and yield parameters were taken at harvest stage. Conclusion: There was significant variation for physiological and yield components among treatments. 4mM L-1 methyl jasmonate at 7am treatment exhibited increase in pollen viability, spikelet fertility percentage, yield per plant and 1000 grain weight. Hence, it is found that methyl jasmonate can advance anthesis time and thereby plants can escape from the severity of temperature experiencing at the normal flowering time in rice. KEYWORDS Early Morning Flowering, High Temperature Stress, Methyl Jasmonate https://lnkd.in/gZd5xJyQ

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research Published Volume 58 Issue 2 (APRIL 2024) Physiological Traits Study to Identify Suitable Mustard Genotype for Late Sown Condition of Northern Part of India Akanksha Singh Yadav, Lallu, Maharaj Singh doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5692 Cite article:- Yadav Singh Akanksha, Lallu, Singh Maharaj (2024). Physiological Traits Study to Identify Suitable Mustard Genotype for Late Sown Condition of Northern Part of India . Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 58(2): 251-258. doi: 10.18805/IJARe.A-5692. ABSTRACT Background: Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is a prominent seed crop grown in most of the northern part of India. It is also grown in different cropping systems where sowing time differs as per availability of vacant field prior to preceding crop. Being a rabi season (winter) crop its physiological as well as morphological developments are markedly influenced by temperature condition. Methods: An investigation was carried out during rabi season of 2010-11 and 2011-2012 at oilseeds research farm Kanpur (UP) with 4 sowing dates (30th Sept. 11th 21st, 31st Oct.) and 5 genotypes (Kranti, Maya, PAC-437, PBR-357, Rohini) of mustard on sandy loam soil under irrigated condition to study different physiological and yield attributing characters. Result: The results shown that among the sowing dates, 11th October registered the highest values of specific leaf weight (SLW), Crop Growth rate (CGR) estimated at 60-90 DAS, seed yield and oil content. The early sowing at 30th Sept. registered significantly lowest seed yield (1880 Kgha-1) and seed oil content (38%). In case of genotypes, PAC-437 registered highest values of SLW (29.60 mgcm-2), NAR (113.3 mg dm-2 day-1), RGR (26.7 mg g-1 day-1), CGR (0.94g plant-1 day) at 60-90 DAS, seed yield (2079 kg ha-1). The interaction effect of sowing date × genotypes was found significant in most of the cases. Thus, the results concluded in Indian condition specially the northern part, 11th October proved to be the optimum sowing time of mustard. As far as the genotype is concerned, Kranti perform well of this date of sowing while PAC-437 proved its superiority over other genotypes as well as different sowings date of October month. KEYWORDS Genotype, Mustard, Sowing Time, Seed Quality, Yield

Asian Journal of Diary and Food Research Published Volume 43 Issue 2 (JUNE 2024) An Assessment of Indian Livestock Owners’ Selective Management Practices for Risk Amelioration of Obstructive Urolithiasis in Water Buffalo Male Calves Sujoy Khanna, Sandeep Potliya, Anita Ganguly, Harpreet Singh, B.R. Maharana, Davinder Singh, G.R. Gowane doi: 10.18805/ajdfr.DR-2244 Cite article:- Khanna Sujoy, Potliya Sandeep, Ganguly Anita, Singh Harpreet, Maharana B.R., Singh Davinder, Gowane G.R. (2024). An Assessment of Indian Livestock Owners&rsquo; Selective Management Practices for Risk Amelioration of Obstructive Urolithiasis in Water Buffalo Male Calves . Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research. 43(2): 373-380. doi: 10.18805/ajdfr.DR-2244. ABSTRACT Background: Obstructive urolithiasis is a life-threatening and painful disease in both the sexes of dairy animals. In water buffaloes also, both sexes can be affected, but formation of urinary tract calculi, leading to blockages are primarily observed in male calves. Methods: The present study was carried on 105 uncastrated water buffalo male calves suffering from obstructive urolithiasis. Detailed management and housing practices followed by calf owners were recorded after confirmation of diagnosis. A similar number (n. 105) of healthy uncastrated buffalo male calves during this period were also included in this study as control. Result: Practice of feeding calves with rations high in cereal grains and low in roughage significantly (P<0.01) contributed to development of obstructive urolithiasis. Supplementation of feed with ammonium chloride, vitamins and salt lick along with water accessibility to calves significantly (P<0.01) reduces the occurrence of obstructive urolithiasis. Furthermore, an unprecedented observation regarding the tethering arrangement of calves with their dams after parturition was also found to be significant (P<0.01). Therefore, obstructive urolithiasis in buffalo calves have multifactorial etiologies and pinpointing the exact cause remains elusive. However, beyond the established causative practices, tethering practice may also lead to this condition. KEYWORDS Dietary Practices, Grazing, Manger Feeding, Obstructive Urolithiasis, Tethering https://lnkd.in/gEUx7ERp

Indian Journal of Animal Research Published Volume 58 Issue 6 (JUNE 2024) Methane Reduction Potential of Hydroponic Fodders and Combination of Hydroponic Fodder Bajra with Anionic Salts in Increasing Serum Calcium Level of Transition Cows S. Gunasekaran, L. Radharishnan, C. Valli, S. Meenakshi Sundaram doi: 10.18805/IJAR.B-5049 Cite article:- Gunasekaran S., Radharishnan L., Valli C., Sundaram Meenakshi S. (2024). Methane Reduction Potential of Hydroponic Fodders and Combination of Hydroponic Fodder Bajra with Anionic Salts in Increasing Serum Calcium Level of Transition Cows . Indian Journal of Animal Research. 58(6): 1058-1061. doi: 10.18805/IJAR.B-5049. ABSTRACT Background: The study reported in this research is to assess the methane reduction potential of hydroponic fodders and its novel combination with anionic salts on the serum calcium level in transition cows, the period cows are prone to metabolic disorders. Methods: A growth trial of hydroponic fodders to assess the biomass yield and an in vitro gas production study was conducted to assess the methane production on inclusion of different hydroponic fodders with that of conventionally cultivated fodders along with paddy straw and concentrate feed. A feeding trial was also conducted in 16 transition cows (farm and field conditions) to assess the serum calcium level through feeding anionic salts viz., calcium sulphide and magnesium chloride along with hydroponic fodder bajra. Result: Significantly (P<0.05) lowest methane production was observed in paddy straw, hydroponic fodder bajra, concentrate feed group compared to other treatment groups. Anionic salts supplementation for three weeks prior to calving resulted in significant (P<0.05) increase in the serum calcium levels. In post supplementation, average increase in serum calcium level is 0.93 mg/dl, an increase by 10.80 per cent. Further, feeding cost of anionic salts (Calcium sulphide and magnesium chloride) for three weeks (21 days) is only INR 55.65/-. KEYWORDS Anionic Salts, Hydroponic Fodder, Serum Calcium, Supplementation, Transition Cows https://lnkd.in/g5fCPpKW