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{{ r | WP | p=1 | q="Tell Your Children” reignites a long-held concern about cannabis's public safety. But in relying on sensationalism over science, it has become just the latest use of alarmist claims and attention-seeking to upend a serious public policy dialogue. As a result, rather than contributing to a meaningful discussion about pot and its public health consequences, good and bad, “Tell Your Children” provokes emotional outcry rather than a rational debate on the issue. }}
{{ r | WP | p=1 | q="Tell Your Children” reignites a long-held concern about cannabis's public safety. But in relying on sensationalism over science, it has become just the latest use of alarmist claims and attention-seeking to upend a serious public policy dialogue. As a result, rather than contributing to a meaningful discussion about pot and its public health consequences, good and bad, “Tell Your Children” provokes emotional outcry rather than a rational debate on the issue. }}
{{ r | VOX_Lopez }}
{{ r | VOX_Lopez }}

This criticism of his book is countered by the published work of numerous other scientists in the international community, <ref name="Andréasson 1987"> Andréasson S, Engström A, Allebeck P, Rydberg U. Cannabis and schizophrenia. A longitudinal study of Swedish conscripts. The Lancet, 1987;330(8574):1483-1486. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(87)92620-1/fulltext </ref> <ref name=" Arseneault 2002"> Arseneault L, Cannon M, Poulton R, Murray R, Caspi A, Moffitt TE. Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: longitudinal prospective study. BMJ, 2002;325(7374):1212-1213. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC135493/pdf/1212.pdf </ref> <ref name=" van Os 2002"> van Os J, Bak M, Hanssen M, Bijl RV, de Graaf R, Verdoux H. Cannabis use and psychosis: a longitudinal population-based study. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;156(4):319-327. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12181101 </ref> <ref name="Zammit 2002"> Zammit S, Allebeck P, Andreasson S, Lundberg I, Lewis G, 2002, Self reported cannabis use as a risk factor for schizophrenia in Swedish conscripts of 1969: historical cohort study. BMJ. 2002;325(7374):1199. http://www.bmj.com/content/325/7374/1199.full.pdf </ref> <ref name="DiForti 2009"> DiForti M, Morgan C, Dazzan P, Pariante C, Mondelli V, Marques TR, Handley R, Luzi S, Russo M, Paparelli A, Butt A, Stilo SA, Wiffen B, Powell J, Murray RM. High-potency cannabis and the risk of psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 2009;195(6):488-491. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2801827/?report=printable</ref> <ref name="Davis 2013"> Davis GP, Compton MT, Wang S, Levin FR, Blanco C. Association between cannabis use, psychosis, and schizotypal personality disorder: findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Schizophr Res. 2013;151(1-3):197-202 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3877688/pdf/nihms534094.pdf </ref> <ref name="DiForti 2015"> DiForti M, Marconi A, Carra E, Fraietta S, Trotta A, Bonomo M, Bianconi F, Gardner-Sood P, O'Connor J, Russo M, Stilo SA, Marques TR, Mondelli V, Dazzan P, Pariante C, David AS, Gaughran F, Atakan Z, Iyegbe C, Powell J, Morgan C, Lynskey M, Murray RM. Proportion of patients in south London with first-episode psychosis attributable to use of high potency cannabis: a case-control study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2015;2(3):233-8 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(14)00117-5/fulltext </ref> <ref name=" Henquet 2005"> Henquet C, Krabbendam L, Spauwen J, et al. Prospective cohort study of cannabis use, predisposition for psychosis, and psychotic symptoms in young people. BMJ. 2005;330:11–15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC539839/pdf/bmj33000011.pdf </ref> <ref name=" Kuepper 2011"> Kuepper R, van Os J, Lieb R, Wittchen HU, Höfler M, Henquet C. Continued cannabis use and risk of incidence and persistence of psychotic symptoms: 10 year follow-up cohort study.BMJ. 2011;342: d738 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3047001/pdf/bmj.d738.pdf</ref> <ref name=" Griffith-Lendering 2013"> Griffith-Lendering MF, Wigman JT, Prince van Leeuwen A, Huijbregts SC, Huizink AC, Ormel J, Verhulst FC, van Os J, Swaab H, Vollebergh WA. Cannabis use and vulnerability for psychosis in early adolescence--a TRAILS study.Addiction. 2013;108(4):733-40. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Johan_Ormel/publication/233874819_Cannabis_Use_and_Vulnerability_for_Psychosis_in_Early_Adolescence_-_a_TRAILS_Study/links/02e7e5295ecb66b5f8000000.pdf </ref> <ref name=" Mustonen 2018"> Mustonen A, Niemelä S, Nordström T, Murray GK, Mäki P, Jääskeläinen E, Miettunen J. Adolescent cannabis use, baseline prodromal symptoms and the risk of psychosis.Br J Psychiatry. 2018;212(4):227-233. https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/D5CAA12A5F424146DABB9C6A6AB4CB56/S0007125017000526a.pdf/adolescent_cannabis_use_baseline_prodromal_symptoms_and_the_risk_of_psychosis.pdf </ref> <ref name="DiForti 2019"> DiForti M, Quattrone D, Freeman TP, Tripoli G, Gayer-Anderson C, Quigley H, Rodriguez V, Jongsma HE, Ferraro L, La Cascia C, La Barbera D, Tarricone I, Berardi D, Szöke A, Arango C, Tortelli A, Velthorst E, Bernardo M, Del-Ben CM, Menezes PR, Selten JP, Jones PB, Kirkbride JB, Rutten BP, de Haan L, Sham PC, van Os J, Lewis CM, Lynskey M, Morgan C, Murray RM; EU-GEI WP2 Group. The contribution of cannabis use to variation in the incidence of psychotic disorder across Europe (EU-GEI): a multicentre case-control study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019; 6(5):427-436 https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2215-0366%2819%2930048-3 </ref> <ref name=" Hjorthøj 2019"> Hjorthøj C, Larsen MO, Starzer MSK, Nordentoft M. Annual incidence of cannabis-induced psychosis, other substance-induced psychoses and dually diagnosed schizophrenia and cannabis use disorder in Denmark from 1994 to 2016. Psychol Med. 2019 Dec 16:1-6. doi: 10.1017/S0033291719003532. [Epub ahead of print] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31839011</ref> <ref name="Niemi-Pynttäri 2013"> Niemi-Pynttäri JA, Sund R, Putkonen H, Vorma H, Wahlbeck K, Pirkola SP. Substance-induced psychoses converting into schizophrenia: a register-based study of 18,478 Finnish inpatient cases. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013 74(1):e94-9. https://www.psychiatrist.com/jcp/article/Pages/2013/v74n01/v74n0115.aspx </ref> <ref name="Starzer 2017"> Starzer MSK, Nordentoft M, Hjorthøj C. Rates and Predictors of Conversion to Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder Following Substance-Induced Psychosis. Am J Psychiatry. 2018;175(4):343-350. https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17020223?rfr_dat=cr_pub%3Dpubmed&url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&journalCode=ajp </ref> <ref name="D'Souza 2004"> D'Souza DC, Perry E, MacDougall L, Ammerman Y, Cooper T, Wu YT, Braley G, Gueorguieva R, Krystal JH. The psychotomimetic effects of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in healthy individuals: implications for psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004;29(8):1558-72. https://www.nature.com/articles/1300496.pdf </ref> <ref name="Freeman 2015"> Freeman D, Dunn G, Murray RM, Evans N, Lister R, Antley A, Slater M, Godlewska B, Cornish R, Williams J, Di Simplicio M, Igoumenou A, Brenneisen R, Tunbridge EM, Harrison PJ, Harmer CJ, Cowen P, Morrison PD. How cannabis causes paranoia: using the intravenous administration of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to identify key cognitive mechanisms leading to paranoia. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41(2):391-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4332941/pdf/sbu098.pdf </ref> <ref name="Morrison 2011"> Morrison PD, Nottage J, Stone JM, Bhattacharyya S, Tunstall N, Brenneisen R, Holt D, Wilson D, Sumich A, McGuire P, Murray RM, Kapur S, Ffytche DH. Disruption of frontal θ coherence by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol is associated with positive psychotic symptoms. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2011; 36(4):827-36. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3055738/pdf/npp2010222a.pdf </ref> <ref name="González-Pinto 2011"> González-Pinto A, Alberich S, Barbeito S, Gutierrez M, Vega P, Ibáñez B, Haidar MK, Vieta E, Arango C. Cannabis and first-episode psychosis: different long-term outcomes depending on continued or discontinued use. Schizophr Bull. 2011;37(3):631-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3080669/pdf/sbp126.pdf </ref> <ref name="Schoeler 2016"> Schoeler T, Monk A, Sami MB, Klamerus E, Foglia E, Brown R, Camuri G, Altamura AC, Murray R, Bhattacharyya S. Continued versus discontinued cannabis use in patients with psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016;3(3):215-25. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(15)00363-6/fulltext </ref> <ref name="Arendt 2008"> Arendt M, Mortensen PB, Rosenberg R, Pedersen CB, Waltoft BL. Familial predisposition for psychiatric disorder: comparison of subjects treated for cannabis-induced psychosis and schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008;65(11):1269-74. http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/65/11/1269 </ref> <ref name="Veling 2008"> Veling W, Mackenbach JP, van Os J, Hoek HW. Cannabis use and genetic predisposition for schizophrenia: a case-control study. Psychol Med. 2008;38(9):1251-1256.</ref> <ref name="McGrath 2010"> McGrath J, Welham J, Scott J, Varghese D, Degenhardt L, Hayatbakhsh MR, Alati R, Williams GM, Bor W, Najman JM. Association between cannabis use and psychosis-related outcomes using sibling pair analysis in a cohort of young adults. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010; 67(5):440-447.</ref> <ref name="Boydell 2007"> Boydell J, Dean K, Dutta R, Giouroukou E, Fearon P, Murray R. A comparison of symptoms and family history in schizophrenia with and without prior cannabis use: implications for the concept of cannabis psychosis. Schizophr Res. 2007;93(1-3):203-210. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920996407001508?via%3Dihub</ref> <ref name=" Ruhrmann 2010"> Ruhrmann S, Schultze-Lutter F, Salokangas RK, Heinimaa M, Linszen D, Dingemans P, Birchwood M, Patterson P, Juckel G, Heinz A, Morrison A, Lewis S, von Reventlow HG, Klosterkötter J. Prediction of psychosis in adolescents and young adults at high risk: results from the prospective European prediction of psychosis study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67(3):241-251. See Table 2, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/210635 </ref> <ref> Belbasis L, Köhler CA, Stefanis N, Stubbs B, van Os J, Vieta E, Seeman MV, Arango C, Carvalho AF, Evangelou E. Risk factors and peripheral biomarkers for schizophrenia spectrum disorders: an umbrella review of meta-analyses. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2018;137(2):88-97. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acps.12847</ref> scientists who clearly recognize a correlational association as the first test listed in Bradford Hill's criteria for causation.<ref> van Reekum R, Streiner DL, Conn DK. Applying Bradford Hill's criteria for causation to neuropsychiatry: challenges and opportunities. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2001;13(3):318-25.</ref> Berenson touched on other Hill requirements for causation that have been satisfied by published research: cannabis-induced psychosis meeting the criteria for a dose-response relationship, <ref name="Andréasson 1987" /> <ref name="Arseneault 2002" /> <ref name="van Os 2002" /> <ref name="Zammit 2002" /> <ref name="DiForti 2009" /> <ref name="Davis 2013" /> <ref name="DiForti 2015" /> prospective studies determining marijuana use most often precedes psychotic symptoms rather than vice-versa, <ref name="Arseneault 2002" /> <ref name="Henquet 2005" /> <ref name="Kuepper 2011" /> <ref name="Griffith-Lendering 2013" /> <ref name="Mustonen 2018" /> and population studies that would eventually show the correspondence between population level changes in using high potency cannabis potency and the numbers entering clinics for treatment of psychosis.<ref name="DiForti 2019" /> <ref name="Hjorthøj 2019" />

While writing a book intended to be popular with the general public, Berenson was constrained to a style which precluded a detailed textbook-like approach to the relevant scientific developments. Nevertheless, his book is bolstered by a body of work left to the interested reader to search out: comparisons of cannabis to other recreational drugs for the likelihood of resulting in long term psychotic outcomes and observing cannabis to be the most effective,<ref name="Niemi-Pynttäri 2013" /> <ref name="Starzer 2017" /> clinical studies showing that a purified dose of the psychoactive component of cannabis ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol ∆9 -THC]) to subjects with no family history of psychosis results in up to 40% exhibit transient psychotic symptoms,<ref name="D'Souza 2004" /> <ref name="Freeman 2015" /> <ref name="Morrison 2011" /> research on how users with psychosis who stop using marijuana do better, <ref name="González-Pinto 2011" /> <ref name=" Schoeler 2016" /> studies of the impact of a family history of psychosis on the development of chronic psychosis after a cannabis-induced psychotic break and reporting no impact of family history,<ref name="Arendt 2008" /> the discovery that subjects with a family history of psychosis are no more likely to begin using cannabis than those without such a family history,<ref name="Veling 2008" /> and research controlling for genetic background by comparing siblings discordant for cannabis use determined the user is more likely to develop psychosis.<ref name="McGrath 2010" /> Underlying the surprising lack of impact of family history on the final transition to a chronic psychotic disorder from cannabis use <ref name="Arendt 2008" /> is the epidemiology showing that a minority of patients who have the psychotic disorder schizophrenia, have a 1st or 2nd degree family history of the disease, only 12 to 26%.<ref> Boydell J, Dean K, Dutta R, Giouroukou E, Fearon P, Murray R. A comparison of symptoms and family history in schizophrenia with and without prior cannabis use: implications for the concept of cannabis psychosis. Schizophr Res. 2007;93(1-3):203-210. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920996407001508?via%3Dihub</ref> <ref> Ruhrmann S, Schultze-Lutter F, Salokangas RK, Heinimaa M, Linszen D, Dingemans P, Birchwood M, Patterson P, Juckel G, Heinz A, Morrison A, Lewis S, von Reventlow HG, Klosterkötter J. Prediction of psychosis in adolescents and young adults at high risk: results from the prospective European prediction of psychosis study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67(3):241-251. See Table 2, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/210635 </ref> There remains, therefore, a substantial role for environmental factors. Cannabis is regarded as being among the most well-replicated of these, conveying the highest impact for developing a chronic psychotic disorder.<ref> Belbasis L, Köhler CA, Stefanis N, Stubbs B, van Os J, Vieta E, Seeman MV, Arango C, Carvalho AF, Evangelou E. Risk factors and peripheral biomarkers for schizophrenia spectrum disorders: an umbrella review of meta-analyses. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2018;137(2):88-97. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acps.12847</ref>

Tell Your Children did not deal at all with the remaining element of the Bradford Hill causation criteria, a plausible biological mechanism, which has been largely met by the studies showing the immediate effect of ∆9 -THC is to increase dopamine release in key brain regions, which eventually leads to dopamine depletion.<ref> Bloomfield MA, Ashok AH, Volkow ND, Howes OD.The effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on the dopamine system. Nature. 2016;539(7629):369-377. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5123717/pdf/emss-70462.pdf</ref> The dopamine theory of psychosis and schizophrenia has been a plausible model upon which much antipsychotic drug development has been based,<ref> Seeman P. Dopamine receptors and the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. Synapse 1987; 1: 133-52. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Dopamine+receptors+and+the+dopamine+hypothesis+of+schizophrenia+1987+Seeman </ref> and the view is that too high a dopaminergic tone eventually leads to hypodopaminergic states in the prefrontal cortical areas, characterized by the blunted (negative) affect commonly seen in patients with schizophrenia.<ref> Eisenstein SA, Bogdan R, Chen L, Moerlein SM, Black KJ, Perlmutter JS, Hershey T, Barch DM. Preliminary evidence that negative symptom severity relates to multilocus genetic profile for dopamine signaling capacity and D2 receptor binding in healthy controls and in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res. 2017;86:9-17. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5272837/pdf/nihms831878.pdf</ref>

Rather than citing publications of scientists in the field, Alex Berenson often spoke with them, which imparts an interesting personal dimension to Tell Your Children. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Murray Dr. Robin Murray], considered by many to be a world leader in psychiatric epidemiology and [https://www.kcl.ac.uk/archive/news/ioppn/records/2011/jan2011/murrayawardedknighthood knighted for his achievements], is described in the book as being an engaging, energetic scientist though somewhat rumpled in his attire. Berenson also interviewed Dr. Valerie Moulin, a Swiss scientist currently at the forefront of the cannabis-psychosis-violence connection<ref> Moulin V, Baumann P, Gholamrezaee M, Alameda L, Palix J, Gasser J, Conus P. Cannabis, a Significant Risk Factor for Violent Behavior inthe Early Phase Psychosis. Two Patterns of Interaction of Factors Increase the Risk of Violent Behavior: Cannabis Use Disorder and Impulsivity; Cannabis Use Disorder, Lack of Insight and Treatment Adherence .Front Psychiatry. 2018; 4;9:294 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6039574/pdf/fpsyt-09-00294.pdf</ref> advancing the prior work of others.<ref> Arseneault L, Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Taylor PJ, Silva PA. Mental disorders and violence in a total birth cohort: results from the Dunedin Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57(10):979-986 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11015816.</ref> <ref> Harris AW, Large MM, Redoblado-Hodge A, Nielssen O, Anderson J, Brennan J. Clinical and cognitive associations with aggression in the first episode of psychosis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2010 Jan;44(1):85-93. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20073570 </ref> <ref> Dugré JR, Dellazizzo L, Giguère CÉ, Potvin S, Dumais A. Persistency of Cannabis Use Predicts Violence following Acute Psychiatric Discharge. Front Psychiatry. 2017 21;8:176 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5613094/pdf/fpsyt-08-00176.pdf </ref> <ref> Dharmawardene V, Menkes DB. Violence and self-harm in severe mental illness: inpatient study of associations with ethnicity, cannabis and alcohol. Australas Psychiatry. 2017;25(1):28-31. doi: 10.1177/1039856216671650. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27679634 </ref> But it is the anecdotal observations about lives impacted that have most captured the interest of the casual reader, as expressed in numerous reviews of the book from verified readers on [https://www.amazon.com/Tell-Your-Children-Marijuana-Violence/dp/1982103671/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= Amazon], who attest from personal experience that Tell Your Children conveys a truth resonating with what has happened to their families, friends or communities.




==Life==
==Life==
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{{ r | guardian-alarmism | p=1 | q=A group of 75 scholars and medical professionals have criticised a controversial new book about the purported dangers of marijuana, calling it an example of “alarmism” designed to stir up public fear “based on a deeply inaccurate misreading of science”. }}
{{ r | guardian-alarmism | p=1 | q=A group of 75 scholars and medical professionals have criticised a controversial new book about the purported dangers of marijuana, calling it an example of “alarmism” designed to stir up public fear “based on a deeply inaccurate misreading of science”. }}
{{ r | WP | p=1 | q="Tell Your Children” reignites a long-held concern about cannabis&apos;s public safety. But in relying on sensationalism over science, it has become just the latest use of alarmist claims and attention-seeking to upend a serious public policy dialogue. As a result, rather than contributing to a meaningful discussion about pot and its public health consequences, good and bad, “Tell Your Children” provokes emotional outcry rather than a rational debate on the issue. }}
{{ r | WP | p=1 | q="Tell Your Children” reignites a long-held concern about cannabis&apos;s public safety. But in relying on sensationalism over science, it has become just the latest use of alarmist claims and attention-seeking to upend a serious public policy dialogue. As a result, rather than contributing to a meaningful discussion about pot and its public health consequences, good and bad, “Tell Your Children” provokes emotional outcry rather than a rational debate on the issue. }}
{{ r | VOX_Lopez }} It must be noted that the medical experts quoted as panning Tell Your Children are not actively conducting research into the causal basis for psychotic disorders nor the epidemiology of those disorders as they relate to violence.
{{ r | VOX_Lopez }}

Apart from these interviews of scientists critical of Tell Your Children, media coverage has been light, only occasionally publishing a related [http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/oped/bs-ed-op-0419-marijuana-psychosis-20190415-story.html Op-Ed], letters to the editor citing the book,<ref> Marijuana’s link to psychosis and violence, Valerie McGinn, RN, Feb 6th 2019 https://www.theintell.com/opinion/20190206/lte-marijuanas-link-to-psychosis-and-violence</ref> <ref> True price of legalized marijuana is the carnage and cost on society, Richard Ziemba, Oct 2, 2019 https://www.pnj.com/story/opinion/2019/10/02/price-legalized-marijuana-carnage-society-guestview/3780343002/</ref> or book reviews containing positive comments ,<ref> This Reporter Took a Deep Look Into the Science of Smoking Pot. What He Found Is Scary. Stephanie Mencimer, Mother Jones, Jan 5, 2019 https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2019/01/new-york-times-journalist-alex-berenson-tell-your-children-marijuana-crime-mental-illness-1/</ref> <ref> Noting the serious, even deadly, effects of marijuana, Paul Davis, Washington Times, Jan 20, 2019 https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/jan/20/book-review-tell-your-children-by-alex-berenson/ </ref> while omitting reference to the book in recent articles about psychotic marijuana users who have committed murder. <ref> No sane reason Paul M. Duggan, Washington Post, Sept. 4, 2019 https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2019/local/insane-plea-murder/</ref> <ref> Suspect in random D.C. fatal stabbing has history of mental illness,Keith L. Alexander,Laurel Demkovich and Paul Duggan, August 29, 2019 https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/suspect-in-random-dc-fatal-stabbing-has-history-of-mental-illness/2019/08/29/ab953548-ca7c-11e9-a1fe-ca46e8d573c0_story.html </ref>



==Awards==
==Awards==

Revision as of 13:05, 2 February 2020

Alex Berenson
Born (1973-01-06) January 6, 1973 (age 51)
New York
OccupationAuthor, Former Reporter for The New York Times
LanguageEnglish
NationalityAmerican
CitizenshipAmerican
EducationBachelor Degree
History and Economics
Alma materYale University (1994)
GenreSpy fiction
SubjectTerrorism
Notable awardsEdgar Award (2007[1])
SpouseJacqueline
Children2
Website
www.alexberenson.com

Alex Berenson (born January 6, 1973) is a former reporter for The New York Times and the author of several thriller novels and a book on corporate financial filings.[2]

He is the author of the controversial 2019 book Tell Your Children: The Truth About Marijuana, Mental Illness and Violence that has been denounced as alarmist and inaccurate by many in the scientific and medical communities because of his claims that cannabis causes psychosis and violence; scientists state that he is drawing inappropriate conclusions from the research, primarily by inferring causation from correlation, [3]: 1  [4]: 1  [5]: 1  as well as cherry picking [6]: 1  data that fits his narrative, and falling victim to selection bias via his use of anecdotes [6]: 1  to back up his assertions. [5]: 1  [7]: 1  [4]: 1  [8]: 1  [9]

This criticism of his book is countered by the published work of numerous other scientists in the international community, [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] scientists who clearly recognize a correlational association as the first test listed in Bradford Hill's criteria for causation.[36] Berenson touched on other Hill requirements for causation that have been satisfied by published research: cannabis-induced psychosis meeting the criteria for a dose-response relationship, [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] prospective studies determining marijuana use most often precedes psychotic symptoms rather than vice-versa, [11] [17] [18] [19] [20] and population studies that would eventually show the correspondence between population level changes in using high potency cannabis potency and the numbers entering clinics for treatment of psychosis.[21] [22]

While writing a book intended to be popular with the general public, Berenson was constrained to a style which precluded a detailed textbook-like approach to the relevant scientific developments. Nevertheless, his book is bolstered by a body of work left to the interested reader to search out: comparisons of cannabis to other recreational drugs for the likelihood of resulting in long term psychotic outcomes and observing cannabis to be the most effective,[23] [24] clinical studies showing that a purified dose of the psychoactive component of cannabis (∆9 -THC) to subjects with no family history of psychosis results in up to 40% exhibit transient psychotic symptoms,[25] [26] [27] research on how users with psychosis who stop using marijuana do better, [28] [29] studies of the impact of a family history of psychosis on the development of chronic psychosis after a cannabis-induced psychotic break and reporting no impact of family history,[30] the discovery that subjects with a family history of psychosis are no more likely to begin using cannabis than those without such a family history,[31] and research controlling for genetic background by comparing siblings discordant for cannabis use determined the user is more likely to develop psychosis.[32] Underlying the surprising lack of impact of family history on the final transition to a chronic psychotic disorder from cannabis use [30] is the epidemiology showing that a minority of patients who have the psychotic disorder schizophrenia, have a 1st or 2nd degree family history of the disease, only 12 to 26%.[37] [38] There remains, therefore, a substantial role for environmental factors. Cannabis is regarded as being among the most well-replicated of these, conveying the highest impact for developing a chronic psychotic disorder.[39]

Tell Your Children did not deal at all with the remaining element of the Bradford Hill causation criteria, a plausible biological mechanism, which has been largely met by the studies showing the immediate effect of ∆9 -THC is to increase dopamine release in key brain regions, which eventually leads to dopamine depletion.[40] The dopamine theory of psychosis and schizophrenia has been a plausible model upon which much antipsychotic drug development has been based,[41] and the view is that too high a dopaminergic tone eventually leads to hypodopaminergic states in the prefrontal cortical areas, characterized by the blunted (negative) affect commonly seen in patients with schizophrenia.[42]

Rather than citing publications of scientists in the field, Alex Berenson often spoke with them, which imparts an interesting personal dimension to Tell Your Children. Dr. Robin Murray, considered by many to be a world leader in psychiatric epidemiology and knighted for his achievements, is described in the book as being an engaging, energetic scientist though somewhat rumpled in his attire. Berenson also interviewed Dr. Valerie Moulin, a Swiss scientist currently at the forefront of the cannabis-psychosis-violence connection[43] advancing the prior work of others.[44] [45] [46] [47] But it is the anecdotal observations about lives impacted that have most captured the interest of the casual reader, as expressed in numerous reviews of the book from verified readers on Amazon, who attest from personal experience that Tell Your Children conveys a truth resonating with what has happened to their families, friends or communities.


Life

Berenson was born in New York, and grew up in Englewood, NJ.[48] He graduated from Yale University in 1994 with bachelor's degrees in history and economics. He joined the Denver Post in June 1994 as a business reporter. He published 513 articles through August 1996, when he left to join TheStreet.com, a financial news website founded by Jim Cramer. In December 1999, Berenson joined The New York Times as a business investigative reporter.

In the fall of 2003 and the summer of 2004, Berenson covered the occupation of Iraq for the Times. More recently, he has covered the pharmaceutical and health care industries, specializing in issues concerning dangerous drugs. Since December 2008, Berenson has reported on the Bernard Madoff $50 billion Ponzi scheme scandal. He is now a full-time writer.

He has written 12 spy novels, all featuring the same protagonist, CIA agent John Wells. His first novel, The Faithful Spy, was released in April 2006 and won an Edgar Award for best first novel by an American author. In February 2008, The Faithful Spy rose to #1 on The New York Times Bestseller List for paperbacks.

The same month, Berenson released his second thriller, The Ghost War. His third novel, The Silent Man, followed in February 2009. His fourth, The Midnight House, was released on February 9, 2010 and debuted at #9 on The New York Times bestseller list. The fifth, The Secret Soldier, was released on February 8, 2011 and debuted at #6 on the bestseller list. The sixth, The Shadow Patrol, was released on February 21, 2012, and debuted at #8. In July 2012, The Shadow Patrol was named a finalist for the Ian Fleming Steel Dagger Award, given by Britain's Crime Writers Association.

In 2010, Berenson left the Times to become a full-time novelist. He lives in the Hudson Valley with his wife, Jacqueline Berenson, a forensic psychiatrist and researcher at Columbia University. They have two children.

Tell Your Children book

Main article: Tell Your Children: The Truth About Marijuana, Mental Illness and Violence

In 2019, Berenson published the book Tell Your Children: The Truth About Marijuana, Mental Illness and Violence and an accompanying op-ed in both The Wall Street Journal[49] and The New York Times,[50] in which he claims that use of marijuana causes psychosis and violence. [50]: 1  [6]: 1  Berenson's portrayal of scientific and medical evidence has been widely panned as inaccurate and alarmist by scientists and medical experts, who have described his arguments as "based on a deeply inaccurate misreading of science" and an attempt to stir up public fear. [7]: 1  [8]: 1  [9] It must be noted that the medical experts quoted as panning Tell Your Children are not actively conducting research into the causal basis for psychotic disorders nor the epidemiology of those disorders as they relate to violence.

Apart from these interviews of scientists critical of Tell Your Children, media coverage has been light, only occasionally publishing a related Op-Ed, letters to the editor citing the book,[51] [52] or book reviews containing positive comments ,[53] [54] while omitting reference to the book in recent articles about psychotic marijuana users who have committed murder. [55] [56]


Awards

Books

Novels

John Wells series

Title Author Publisher Date Genre ISBN
The Faithful SpyAlex BerensonRandom HouseApril 25, 2006Spy fiction978-0-345-47899-3
The Ghost WarAlex BerensonG.P. Putnam's Sons dba Penguin GroupFebruary 12, 2008Spy fiction978-0-399-15453-9
The Silent ManAlex BerensonG.P. Putnam's Sons dba Penguin GroupFebruary 10, 2009Spy fiction978-0-399-15538-3
The Midnight HouseAlex BerensonG.P. Putnam's Sons dba Penguin GroupFebruary 10, 2010Spy fiction978-0-399-15620-5
The Secret SoldierAlex BerensonG.P. Putnam's Sons dba Penguin GroupFebruary 8, 2011Spy fiction978-0-399-15708-0
The Shadow PatrolAlex BerensonG.P. Putnam's Sons dba Penguin GroupFebruary 21, 2012Spy fiction978-0-399-15829-2
The Night RangerAlex BerensonG.P. Putnam's Sons dba Penguin GroupFebruary 12, 2013Spy fiction978-0-399-15972-5
The Counterfeit AgentAlex BerensonG.P. Putnam's Sons dba Penguin GroupFebruary 11, 2014Spy fiction978-0-399-15973-2
Twelve DaysAlex BerensonG.P. Putnam's Sons dba Penguin GroupFebruary 10, 2015Spy fiction978-0-399-15974-9
The WolvesAlex BerensonG.P. Putnam's Sons dba Penguin GroupFebruary 9, 2016Spy fiction978-0-399-17614-2
The PrisonerAlex BerensonG.P. Putnam's Sons dba Penguin GroupJanuary 31, 2017Spy fiction978-0-399-17615-9
The DeceiversAlex BerensonG.P. Putnam's Sons dba Penguin GroupFebruary 6, 2018Spy fiction978-0-698-40753-4

Non-fiction

Title Author Publisher Date Genre ISBN
The Number, 1st EditionAlex BerensonRandom HouseMarch 4, 2003non-fiction978-0375508806
The NumberAlex BerensonSimon & SchusterMay 6, 2003non-fiction978-0743240147
Lost in KandaharAlex BerensonBrilliance AudioNovember 13, 2012non-fiction978-1469230948
Tell Your Children: The Truth About Marijuana, Mental Illness and ViolenceAlex BerensonFree PressJanuary 8, 2019non-fiction978-1982103668

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  48. ^ "Alex Berenson Biography". Archived from the original on 2010-02-01. Retrieved 2010-09-12.
  49. ^ Berenson, Alex (2019-01-04). "Marijuana Is More Dangerous Than You Think". Retrieved 2019-04-22.
  50. ^ a b Berenson, Alex (2019-01-04). "What Advocates of Legalizing Pot Don't Want You to Know - The wave toward legalization ignores the serious health risks of marijuana". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2019-01-08. Retrieved 2019-05-02.
  51. ^ Marijuana’s link to psychosis and violence, Valerie McGinn, RN, Feb 6th 2019 https://www.theintell.com/opinion/20190206/lte-marijuanas-link-to-psychosis-and-violence
  52. ^ True price of legalized marijuana is the carnage and cost on society, Richard Ziemba, Oct 2, 2019 https://www.pnj.com/story/opinion/2019/10/02/price-legalized-marijuana-carnage-society-guestview/3780343002/
  53. ^ This Reporter Took a Deep Look Into the Science of Smoking Pot. What He Found Is Scary. Stephanie Mencimer, Mother Jones, Jan 5, 2019 https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2019/01/new-york-times-journalist-alex-berenson-tell-your-children-marijuana-crime-mental-illness-1/
  54. ^ Noting the serious, even deadly, effects of marijuana, Paul Davis, Washington Times, Jan 20, 2019 https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/jan/20/book-review-tell-your-children-by-alex-berenson/
  55. ^ No sane reason Paul M. Duggan, Washington Post, Sept. 4, 2019 https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2019/local/insane-plea-murder/
  56. ^ Suspect in random D.C. fatal stabbing has history of mental illness,Keith L. Alexander,Laurel Demkovich and Paul Duggan, August 29, 2019 https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/suspect-in-random-dc-fatal-stabbing-has-history-of-mental-illness/2019/08/29/ab953548-ca7c-11e9-a1fe-ca46e8d573c0_story.html
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