Bruno Mussolini: Difference between revisions
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==References== |
==References== |
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* Bignozzi, Giorgio. ''"The Italian 'Fortress' (part 1)." [[Air International]]'' Vol. 31 No. 6, December 1986. p. 298-305, (part 2). ''[[Air International]]'' Vol. 32 No. 1, January 1987. p. 29-31, p. 47-49. |
* Bignozzi, Giorgio. ''"The Italian 'Fortress' (part 1)." [[Air International]]'' Vol. 31 No. 6, December 1986. p. 298-305, (part 2). ''[[Air International]]'' Vol. 32 No. 1, January 1987. p. 29-31, p. 47-49. |
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* {{cite book| first=R.J.B. | last=Bosworth | title=Mussolini's Italy: Life Under the Fascist Dictatorship, 1915-1945| publisher=Penguin Press | year=2005 |location=New York |isbn=1-59420-078-5 |pages=692}} |
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* {{cite book| first=Rachele| last=Musolini| title=Mussolini: An Intimate Biography by His Widow (as told to Albert Zarca)| publisher=William Morrow| year=1974|location=New York |isbn=0-688-00266-8|pages=291}} |
* {{cite book| first=Rachele| last=Musolini| title=Mussolini: An Intimate Biography by His Widow (as told to Albert Zarca)| publisher=William Morrow| year=1974|location=New York |isbn=0-688-00266-8|pages=291}} |
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Revision as of 13:36, 27 March 2010
Bruno Mussolini (born 1918; died 1941) was the second son of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini and Mussolini's second wife Rachele.
Biography
Bruno Mussolini was born in Milan in Lombardy. His father, Benito Mussolini, was the editor of "The People of Italy" (Il Popolo d'Italia) newspaper before the birth and, on 22 April, needed to be away for the day in Genoa. Mussolini indicated to his wife that he did not want her to give birth prior to his return. In his words: "I don't want to be the last to be told again as I was with Vittorio." That evening, the manager of the newspaper greeted Mussolini at the station with a broad grin and the words: "It's a boy."[1]
Childhood
In 1919, Bruno Mussolini caught diphtheria and his parents feared he would never recover. Soon after the doctors pronounced him out of danger, he suffered from a bronchial complaint. By this time, one-year-old Bruno's weight had dropped to about fifteen pounds.[2]
As a young student, 9-year-old Bruno adeptly, if not correctly, answered a schoolteacher's question about grammar. An examiner is reported to have said: "Now Bruno, tell me in what person one cannot command." In response, Bruno tactfully responded: "There are two persons one cannot command, the King and my father."[3]
At age 12, Bruno took after his father and tackled journalism. He and his older brother Vittorio published a weekly called The Boys' Pen (La Penna del Ragazzi). [4] In 1935, at age 17, Bruno became Italy's youngest pilot.[5]
Marriage
On 7 November 1938, Bruno married Gina Ruberti [nb 1] in Rome.[nb 2] His wife was the daughter of the head of the Ministry of Education's Contemporary Art Bureau. On 18 March 1940, a first child was born to Bruno and his wife. The child was a daughter and they named her Marina. Marina was born in Rome.
Pilot
In 1935, Bruno Mussolini joined the Royal Italian Air Force (Regia Aeronautica Italiana) and became a pilot. He flew for the Regia Aeronautica during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. In September, before the Kingdom of Italy invaded the Ethiopian Empire, Air Sergeant Bruno Mussolini, 17, Air Second Lieutenant Vittorio Mussolini, 18, and Air Captain Count Nobile Galeazzo Ciano, 32, sailed from Naples to Africa aboard the MS Saturnia.[6] After Ethiopia, Bruno also participated in the Spanish Civil War and World War II. Unlike his brother Vittorio, Bruno was considered to be a serious pilot. In addition to participating in various conflicts, Bruno was involved in setting flight airspeed records in a 1938 flight to Brazil.[7] In August 1941, he was killed test piloting a new prototype of the Piaggio P.108, a four engine Italian bomber.[8]
Death
On 7 August 1941, 23-year-old Bruno Mussolini was flying in one of the prototypes of a "secret" bomber near the San Giusto Airport in Pisa. The aircraft got too low and crashed into a house.[9] The cockpit section was separated from the rest of the aircraft and Bruno Mussolini died of his injuries. The machine did not catch fire but was nevertheless totally destroyed in the impact. Five members of the crew were injured and three were killed. Bruno was one of the three killed. Benito Mussolini rushed to the Santa Chiara Hospital to be at the side of his dead son.[10]
See also
- Benito Albino Mussolini - Bruno Mussolini's older half brother.
- Vittorio Mussolini - Bruno Mussolini's older brother.
- Romano Mussolini - Bruno Mussolini's younger brother.
- István Horthy - Son of Hungarian Regent Admiral Miklós Horthy, also killed in an aircraft-related incident
Notes
- Footnotes
- ^ Also spelled Gena Ruberti. See Gina Bellman.
- ^ According to the British Pathé short, "Bruno Mussolini Weds." the groom's father escorted the bride.
- Citations
- ^ Mussolini/Zarca, Mussolini, p. 26
- ^ Mussolini/Zarca, Mussolini, p. 40
- ^ Time Magazine, Smart Bruno
- ^ Time Magazine, Journalism is Life
- ^ Time Magazine,Bruno's Last Flight
- ^ Time Magazine,With, Without or Against
- ^ Time Magazine, Down in Flames
- ^ Time Magazine,Bruno's Last Flight
- ^ Bignozzi 1986, p. 305
- ^ Time Magazine,Bruno's Last Flight
References
- Bignozzi, Giorgio. "The Italian 'Fortress' (part 1)." Air International Vol. 31 No. 6, December 1986. p. 298-305, (part 2). Air International Vol. 32 No. 1, January 1987. p. 29-31, p. 47-49.
- Bosworth, R.J.B. (2005). Mussolini's Italy: Life Under the Fascist Dictatorship, 1915-1945. New York: Penguin Press. p. 692. ISBN 1-59420-078-5.
- Musolini, Rachele (1974). Mussolini: An Intimate Biography by His Widow (as told to Albert Zarca). New York: William Morrow. p. 291. ISBN 0-688-00266-8.