nfr
See also: NFR
Translingual
editSymbol
editnfr
See also
editEgyptian
editEtymology
editPossibly from Proto-Afroasiatic *fir- (“to be good”) with an additional *nV- prefix.[1] Compare also Tamahaq ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵔ (ifrar, “best”) and Saho feer (“good”).
Pronunciation
edit- (adjective): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈnaːfiɾ/ → /ˈnaːfiʔ/ → /ˈnaːfa/ → /ˈnoːfə/
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /nɛfɛr/
- Conventional anglicization: nefer
Verb
edit |
3-lit.
- (intransitive) to be(come) of superior or admirable quality, to be(come) fine, good, or wonderful
- 12th Dynasty, coffin of Nakhtankh, British Museum EA 35285:
- […] qrst nfrt m jz.f nfr n ẖrt-nṯr […]
- […] a good burial in his wonderful tomb of the necropolis […]
- 12th Dynasty, coffin of Nakhtankh, British Museum EA 35285:
- (intransitive) to be(come) pleasant or gratifying to the senses
- (intransitive) to be(come) beautiful or fair, to look good
- (intransitive, of scents and flowers) to smell good
- (intransitive, of food and drinks) to taste good
- (intransitive, of periods of time) to be(come) pleasant or enjoyable to live through
- (intransitive, of people) to acquire or have good or pleasant qualities, to be capable, agreeable, or benevolent
- (intransitive, of work) to be done well or competently
- (intransitive, of medicine) to be(come) effective
- (intransitive, of names) to acquire or have a good reputation
Inflection
editConjugation of nfr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: nfr, geminated stem: nfrr
infinitival forms | imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | negatival complement | complementary infinitive1 | singular | plural |
nfr |
nfrw, nfr |
nfrt |
nfr |
nfr |
‘pseudoverbal’ forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
stative stem | periphrastic imperfective2 | periphrastic prospective2 | |
nfr |
ḥr nfr |
m nfr |
r nfr |
suffix conjugation | |||
---|---|---|---|
aspect / mood | active | contingent | |
aspect / mood | active | ||
perfect | nfr.n |
consecutive | nfr.jn |
terminative | nfrt | ||
perfective3 | nfr |
obligative1 | nfr.ḫr |
imperfective | nfr | ||
prospective3 | nfr |
potentialis1 | nfr.kꜣ |
subjunctive | nfr |
verbal adjectives | |||
---|---|---|---|
aspect / mood | relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms | participles | |
active | active | passive | |
perfect | nfr.n |
— | — |
perfective | nfr |
nfr |
nfr, nfrw5, nfry5 |
imperfective | nfr, nfry, nfrw5 |
nfr, nfrj6, nfry6 |
nfr, nfrw5 |
prospective | nfr, nfrtj7 |
nfrtj4, nfrt4 | |
|
Alternative forms
editAlternative hieroglyphic writings of nfr
| ||
nfr |
Derived terms
editAdjective
edit |
- perfective active participle of nfr: fine, beautiful, pleasant, etc.
Inflection
editDeclension of nfr (perfective active participle)
Along with bjn and ꜥꜣ, nfr is one of the few Egyptian adjectives that continued to show remnants of gender and number inflection into Late Egyptian (and beyond).[3]
Alternative forms
editSee the ‘Alternative forms’ section under the verb above.
Derived terms
editSee the ‘Derived terms’ under the verb above.
Descendants
edit- Demotic: nfr
Noun
edit |
m
- fine or good person
- (with following genitive) benefactor (of someone), welldoer
- (with following plural genitive) the best (person) among…, the best one of…
Inflection
editAlternative forms
editSee the ‘Alternative forms’ section under the verb above.
Derived terms
editNoun
edit |
m
- good, goodness, pleasingness (in opposition to bjn)
- good qualities or deeds (of a person)
- something fine, good, beautiful, pleasing
Alternative forms
editAlternative hieroglyphic writings of nfr
|
| ||||||
nfr | nfr | ||||||
[New Kingdom] |
Derived terms
editInterjection
edit |
Adverb
edit |
Alternative forms
editSee the ‘Alternative forms’ section under the verb above.
Particle
edit |
proclitic
Usage notes
editIn Middle Egyptian, this particle is found only in the constructions nfr pw, nfr n, and nfr ꜣ.
Alternative forms
editAlternative hieroglyphic writings of nfr
| ||
nfr |
Derived terms
editRelated terms
edit- nfrw (“depletion, deficiency, zero”)
References
edit- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 253.1–256.15, 257.12–257.15, 258.11–258.17
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 94–95, 194–195.
- Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 42
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E., Stolbova, Olga V. (1995) “*fir-”, in Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 39, 56
- ^ Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 66
Categories:
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- ISO 639-3
- Egyptian terms inherited from Proto-Afroasiatic
- Egyptian terms derived from Proto-Afroasiatic
- Egyptian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Egyptian lemmas
- Egyptian verbs
- Egyptian strong triliteral verbs
- Egyptian intransitive verbs
- Egyptian terms with quotations
- Egyptian adjectives
- Egyptian participles
- Egyptian nouns
- Egyptian masculine nouns
- Egyptian interjections
- Egyptian adverbs
- Egyptian particles
- Egyptian proclitic particles