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== Today ==
The Sinocentric model of political relations came to an end in the 19th century. The ideology suffered a further blow when [[Imperial Japan]], having undergone the [[Meiji Restoration]], defeated China in the [[First Sino-Japanese War]]. As a result, China adopted the [[Westphalian sovereignty|Westphalian]] system of equal independent states. In modern Chinese foreign policy, the [[People's Republic of China]] has stated repeatedly that it will never seek [[hegemony]] (永不称霸).
After the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] and the establishment of the [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC) in 1949, China quickly claimed sovereignty and incorporated territories which it considered to be integral part of China, such as the areas of [[Tibet]] and [[Xinjiang]], which were part of the [[Qing Dynasty]] (1644-1912). They had become [[de facto]] independent or semi-independent during the [[Republic of China|Republican]] era, but the Republican government (which retreated to [[Taiwan]] after 1949) also considered them as part of China in its Constitution.<ref>[http://www.gio.gov.tw/info/news/constitution.htm Constitution of the Republic of China].</ref>
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