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During the 18<sup>th</sup> century, the time that civil war was at the peak, the president of the United states of America then president Abraham Lincoln came up with strategies to reduce landlessness in the country by signing the Homestead act into law with an aim of opening western lands to allow people to settle on idle tracts of land especially the group that filed court petitions.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Hoig|first=Stan|title=The Oklahoma Land rush of 1889. Oklahoma Historical Society, 1984.}}</ref> The conditions set for the claimants included that one had to improve the condition of the land for the five years that they were allowed to settle in it as well as cultivate part of it for agricultural purpose. When the Act became law, majority of the occupants along the Indian territory that is known in the present day
The government, in 1887 passed an Act called the Dawes Severality which aimed to remove the five tribes of Indian origin from their lands and therefore the indirect way of accomplishing this task was through the provision of the Dawes Severality Act that proposed that every household head among the five civilized tribes be allocated a piece of land. In the Act, each household head was to receive 160 acre plot.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Bohanon, Cecil E. and Philip RP Coelho.|title=The cost of free land. The Oklahoma Land Rushes|journal=The journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics|volume=16|issue=2|date=1998|pages=205-221}}</ref> The initial aim of the Act was to enhance the process of civilization in the US but the major impact that was realized is that it reduced the idea of tribal land ownership. The white settlers were also allowed to take up the subdivided land in many places however, the Dawes Act was not enforced on the five tribes that were considered civilized since they were later exempted. The exemption was to take effect until the year 1902 where, the household heads of the five “civilized” tribes were to take 160 acre plot.<ref name=":4" />
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