Bruger:Villy Fink Isaksen/sandkasse: Forskelle mellem versioner

As ammonium nitrate is a salt, both the cation, Skabelon:Chem2, and the anion, Skabelon:Chem2, may take part in chemical reactions.

Solid ammonium nitrate decomposes on heating. At temperatures below around 300 °C, the decomposition mainly produces nitrous oxide and water:

NH₄NO₃ → N₂O + 2 H₂O

At higher temperatures, the following reaction predominates.^[1]

2 NH₄NO₃ → 2 N₂ + O₂ + 4 H₂O

Both decomposition reactions are exothermic and their products are gas. Under certain conditions, this can lead to a runaway reaction, with the decomposition process becoming explosive.^[2] for details. Many ammonium nitrate disasters, with loss of lives, have occurred.

The red–orange colour in an explosion cloud is due to nitrogen dioxide, a secondary reaction product.^[2]

Da ammoniumnitrat er et salt, kan både kationen, NH₄⁺ og anionen, NO₃^-, deltage i kemiske reaktioner.

Fast ammoniumnitrat nedbrydes ved opvarmning. Ved temperaturer under 300°C producerer nedbrydningen hovedsageligt nitrogenoxid og vand:

NH₄NO₃ → N₂O + 2 H₂O

Ved højere temperaturer dominerer følgende reaktion.^[3]

2 NH₄NO₃ → 2 N₂ + O₂ + 4 H₂O

Begge nedbrydningsreaktioner er exoterme, og deres produkter er gas. Under visse forhold kan dette føre til en løbsreaktion, hvor nedbrydningsprocessen bliver eksplosiv.^[2] for detaljer. Mange ammoniumnitratkatastrofer, med tab af menneskeliv, har fundet sted.

Den rød-orange farve i en eksplosionssky skyldes nitrogendioxid, et sekundært reaktionsprodukt.^[2]

1. ^ Skabelon:Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd
2. ^ ^{a b c d} "The chemistry behind the Beirut explosion". Chemical & Engineering News. Fodnotefejl: Ugyldigt <ref> tag; navnet "CEN" er defineret flere gange med forskelligt indhold
3. ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 469. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8