File:A cliff of many layers - geograph.org.uk - 792801.jpg
A_cliff_of_many_layers_-_geograph.org.uk_-_792801.jpg (640 × 480 pixels, file size: 181 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
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[edit]DescriptionA cliff of many layers - geograph.org.uk - 792801.jpg |
English: A cliff of many layers. Pebbly marine sands and silts of the Lower Pleistocene, including two stone beds, are located on the seaward side of the wooden revetment. The Cromer Stone Bed, rich in local flint, is resting directly on the chalk; the layer above it includes quartz and quartzite pebbles. Because of the hardness of the Cromer Stone Bed that caps and protects the chalk from erosion in some places, small pedestals of chalk can be found standing on their own > 792784.
The chalk is composed of calcium carbonate from the remains of microscopic marine organisms that once lived in a warm shallow sea which covered this area between 62 and 132 million years ago. To the west of Woman Hythe (West Runton Gap) there is a small swale of black, organic deposits that are part of the West Runton Freshwater Bed, which outcrops in the upper beach and at the base of the cliff > https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/792797. It is not as rich in fossil remains as the main Freshwater Bed deposit but is of the same age. The West Runton Freshwater Bed was formed by mud deposited by a river that once used to flow here about 600,000 to 700,000 years ago, long before the onset of the Ice Ages. The layers above consist of a sand deposit overlain by a layer of till, with stratified layers of pale yellow sands and gravels above. Contorted drift can be observed where it appears as curves and swirls in the cliff material > https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/792779. The clifftops generally have a covering of sand, covered by a layer of soil > https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/792796. Erosion is evidenced by the heaps of sand and other materials that have accumulated at the cliff base, due to recent slides. |
Date | |
Source | From geograph.org.uk |
Author | Evelyn Simak |
Attribution (required by the license) InfoField | Evelyn Simak / A cliff of many layers / |
InfoField | Evelyn Simak / A cliff of many layers |
Camera location | 52° 56′ 36″ N, 1° 14′ 09″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 52.943390; 1.235700 |
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Object location | 52° 56′ 35″ N, 1° 14′ 21″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 52.943120; 1.239100 |
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Licensing
[edit]This image was taken from the Geograph project collection. See this photograph's page on the Geograph website for the photographer's contact details. The copyright on this image is owned by Evelyn Simak and is licensed for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license.
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current | 03:58, 20 February 2011 | 640 × 480 (181 KB) | GeographBot (talk | contribs) | == {{int:filedesc}} == {{Information |description={{en|1=A cliff of many layers Pebbly marine sands and silts of the Lower Pleistocene, including two stone beds, are located on the seaward side of the wooden revetment. The Cromer Stone Bed, rich in local |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot S3 IS |
Exposure time | 1/640 sec (0.0015625) |
F-number | f/4 |
Date and time of data generation | 13:31, 6 May 2008 |
Lens focal length | 20.2 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
File change date and time | 21:31, 6 May 2008 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS Windows |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 13:31, 6 May 2008 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 9.3125 |
APEX aperture | 4 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.625 APEX (f/3.51) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression, red-eye reduction mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 2,844.4444444444 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 2,840.2366863905 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Landscape |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Image width | 640 px |
Image height | 480 px |
Date metadata was last modified | 21:31, 6 May 2008 |